acute inflammation 2

Question 1

peritonitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

Question 2

meningitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the meninges

Question 3

appendicitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the appendix

Question 4

pneumonia

Answer 4

inflammation of the cavities in the lungs

Question 5

pneumonitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the lung tissue

Question 6

action of neutrophils

Answer 6

• mobile phagocytes

- possess oxidants and enzymes which it releases.

Question 7

chemotaxis

Answer 7

movement of a cell along a concentration gradient of a chemical.

Question 8

what happens to neutrophils when the release granules

Answer 8

they die

Question 9

pus

Answer 9

mixture of fluid, bits of cell, organisms and endogenous proteins

Question 10

fibrinogen

Answer 10

coagulation factor - forms fibrin and clots exudate

Question 11

where mediators of acute inflammation are found

Answer 11

• on endothelial cell surface membrane
• released form cells
• in plasma

Question 12

collective effects of mediators

Answer 12

• vasodilatation
• increased permeability
• neutrophil adhesion
• chemotaxis
• itch and pain

Question 13

cell surface mediators, function and examples

Answer 13

-help neutrophils stick to endothelial cells. eg. P-selectin and ICAM-1

Question 14

mediators released from cells

Answer 14

• histamine
• serotonin
• prostaglandins
• leukotrienes
• omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids
• platelet activated factor
• cytokine and chemokines
• NO
• oxygen free radicals

Question 15

enzyme cascades in plasma,

Answer 15

• blood coagulation pathways (clots fibrinogen)
• fibrinolysis (breaking down of fibrin)
• kinin system (hormonal system involved with coagulation, inflammation, pain and blood pressure)
• complement cascade (ties inflammation with immune system)

Question 16

immediate effects of acute inflammation

Answer 16

pyrexia- raised temp.
feel unwell-malaise, anorexia, nausea
neutrophilia- raised WBC count

Question 17

longer term effects of acute inflammation

Answer 17

• lymphadenopathy-regional lymph node enlaegement
• weight loss
• anaemia

Question 18

abscess

Answer 18

collection of pus under pressure

Question 19

organisation after acute inflammation

Answer 19

• granulation tissue forms
• healing and repair
• leads to fibrosis and formation of a scar

Question 20

septicaemia

Answer 20

growth of bacteria in blood

Question 21

bacteraemia

Answer 21

bacteria in blood

Question 22

toxaemia

Answer 22

toxic products in blood

Question 23

shock

Answer 23

an inability to perfuse (supply with a fluid, circulation) tissues