tumour pathology 3

Question 1

local effects of benign tumours

Answer 1

pressure and obstruction

Question 2

local effects on malignant tumours

Answer 2

-pressure
-obstruction
-tissue destruction
-bleeding (anaemia and haemorrhage)
-pain (caused by pressure on nerves)
effects of treatment

Question 3

systemic effects of malignant tumours

Answer 3

• cancer cachexia (weight-loss due to cancer)
• over/under secretion/production of hormones
• secretion of hormones from an organ that does not normally secrete a hormone.
• paraneoplastic syndromes

Question 4

paraneoplastic syndromes

Answer 4

conditions not caused by local or metastatic effects of tumours, due to immune mechanisms or production of hormone and growth factor

Question 5

dysplasia

Answer 5

earliest change in the process of malignancy that can be visualised.

Question 6

features of dysplasia

Answer 6

Increased nuclear size
Increased mitotic activity
Abnormal mitoses

Question 7

intra epithelial neoplasia

Answer 7

the presence of a benign neoplasia (high grade dysplasia) in epithelial tissue

Question 8

early detection methods for cancer

Answer 8

screening ( eg. cervical cancer screening)