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CC2 LECTURE > TUMOR MARKERS > Flashcards

TUMOR MARKERS Flashcards

1
Q

• Substances detected in increased amounts in blood, urine or body tissues of some patients with certain types of CA

A

Tumor markers

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2
Q

Tumor markers IMPORTANCE

A
  1. Tumor marker levels are utilized to follow the course of the disease
  2. To measure the effect of treatment
  3. To check for recurrence
  4. Reflects the extent of the disease
  5. Indicates how quickly the disease is likely to progress (prognosis)
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3
Q

TYPES OF TUMOR MARKERS

A
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4
Q

very small amounts in the blood of healthy individuals

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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5
Q

Increased in some people with CA or non-cancerous conditions

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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6
Q

Most commonly used CEA

A

colorectal cancer

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7
Q

E.g. - 50% of those with CA of the colon, pancreas, stomach, lung or breast

A

CEA

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8
Q

cigarette smokers

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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9
Q

patients with ulcerative colitis, liver disease & lung infection

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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10
Q

Not specific but sensitive

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

VII. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)

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11
Q

Replaced by prostatic acid phosphatase

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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12
Q

Produced by both normal & abnormal prostate cells

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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13
Q

Elevated in men who have a benign growth (very common in older men) or malignant growth in the prostate

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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14
Q

40 years and older

leading cause of death from cancer in the Ph

muscle weakness, bladder pain

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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15
Q

indicative for the need for other tests to determine whether CA is present

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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16
Q

Useful in monitoring the effectiveness of prostate CA treatment

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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17
Q

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) NV:

A

<2.5 nanograms/mL

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18
Q

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) Confirmatory test:

A

Digital rectal exam

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19
Q

A single test w/ mildly elevated levels may not be significant

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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20
Q

Initially found in the prostate but was later found to be present in a variety of tissues

A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

21
Q

Increased levels in blood in patients with Prostate CA (advanced disease)

A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

22
Q
  • Multiple myeloma
A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

23
Q

-Osteogenic sarcoma: Originates from the bone

A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

24
Q

Protein produced by a variety of cells particularly by ovarian cancer cells

25
Elevated in patients w/ breast & colorectal cancers
CA 125
26
Pregnant women, endometriosis, ovarian cysts or fibroids
CA 125
27
Cirrhosis, hepatitis or pancreatitis
CA 125
28
produced by developing fetus; low level after birth
ALPHA - FETOPROTEIN (AFP)
29
Elevated levels strongly suggests: -primary liver CA (hepatocellular CA) -germ cell CA of the ovary or testis
ALPHA - FETOPROTEIN (AFP)
30
Rarely do other type of CA cause elevation of
ALPHA - FETOPROTEIN (AFP)
31
Normally secreted by the placenta during pregnancy
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
32
Increased in trophoblastic disease
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
33
(CA that develops from an abnormal fertilized egg)
trophoblastic disease
34
Associated w/ germ cell CA
AFP HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
35
Inflammatory bowel disease
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
36
Duodenal ulcers
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
37
Cirrhosis or CA of the breast, lung, pancreas, ovary, GI system
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)
38
T or F Pregnancy test kit can be used for both urine and plasma sample, and can also be used for men
T
39
Found throughout the body
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)
40
Nearly every type of CA & other diseases can cause levels to be elevated
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)
41
Least specific type of enzyme; found in almost all cells of the body
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)
42
Detected in patients w/ neuroblastoma, small cell lung CA
NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE (NSE)
43
medullary thyroid CA, carcinoid tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors & melanoma
NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE (NSE)
44
Women w/ breast CA
СА 15 - 3
45
people with other cancers or benign disease of the breast or liver
СА 15 - 3
46
• Initially found in patients with colorectal
СА 19 - 9
47
• Pancreatic, liver and stomach CA
СА 19 - 9
48
• Proteins produced by some breast cancers
CATHEPSIN D

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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