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CC2 LECTURE > TUMOR MARKERS > Flashcards

TUMOR MARKERS Flashcards

1
Q

• Substances detected in increased amounts in blood, urine or body tissues of some patients with certain types of CA

A

Tumor markers

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2
Q

Tumor markers IMPORTANCE

A
  1. Tumor marker levels are utilized to follow the course of the disease
  2. To measure the effect of treatment
  3. To check for recurrence
  4. Reflects the extent of the disease
  5. Indicates how quickly the disease is likely to progress (prognosis)
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3
Q

TYPES OF TUMOR MARKERS

A
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4
Q

very small amounts in the blood of healthy individuals

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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5
Q

Increased in some people with CA or non-cancerous conditions

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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6
Q

Most commonly used CEA

A

colorectal cancer

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7
Q

E.g. - 50% of those with CA of the colon, pancreas, stomach, lung or breast

A

CEA

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8
Q

cigarette smokers

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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9
Q

patients with ulcerative colitis, liver disease & lung infection

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

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10
Q

Not specific but sensitive

A

I. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)

VII. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)

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11
Q

Replaced by prostatic acid phosphatase

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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12
Q

Produced by both normal & abnormal prostate cells

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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13
Q

Elevated in men who have a benign growth (very common in older men) or malignant growth in the prostate

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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14
Q

40 years and older

leading cause of death from cancer in the Ph

muscle weakness, bladder pain

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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15
Q

indicative for the need for other tests to determine whether CA is present

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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16
Q

Useful in monitoring the effectiveness of prostate CA treatment

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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17
Q

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) NV:

A

<2.5 nanograms/mL

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18
Q

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) Confirmatory test:

A

Digital rectal exam

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19
Q

A single test w/ mildly elevated levels may not be significant

A

PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)

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20
Q

Initially found in the prostate but was later found to be present in a variety of tissues

A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

21
Q

Increased levels in blood in patients with Prostate CA (advanced disease)

A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

22
Q
  • Multiple myeloma
A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

23
Q

-Osteogenic sarcoma: Originates from the bone

A

PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAP)

24
Q

Protein produced by a variety of cells particularly by ovarian cancer cells

25
Q

Elevated in patients w/ breast & colorectal cancers

26
Q

Pregnant women, endometriosis, ovarian cysts or fibroids

27
Q

Cirrhosis, hepatitis or pancreatitis

28
Q

produced by developing fetus; low level after birth

A

ALPHA - FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

29
Q

Elevated levels strongly suggests:

-primary liver CA (hepatocellular CA)
-germ cell CA of the ovary or testis

A

ALPHA - FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

30
Q

Rarely do other type of CA cause elevation of

A

ALPHA - FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

31
Q

Normally secreted by the placenta during pregnancy

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

32
Q

Increased in trophoblastic disease

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

33
Q

(CA that develops from an abnormal fertilized egg)

A

trophoblastic disease

34
Q

Associated w/ germ cell CA

A

AFP

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

35
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

36
Q

Duodenal ulcers

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

37
Q

Cirrhosis or CA of the breast, lung, pancreas, ovary, GI system

A

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG)

38
Q

T or F

Pregnancy test kit can be used for both urine and plasma sample, and can also be used for men

39
Q

Found throughout the body

A

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)

40
Q

Nearly every type of CA & other diseases can cause levels to be elevated

A

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)

41
Q

Least specific type of enzyme; found in almost all cells of the body

A

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH)

42
Q

Detected in patients w/ neuroblastoma, small cell lung CA

A

NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE (NSE)

43
Q

medullary thyroid CA, carcinoid tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors & melanoma

A

NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE (NSE)

44
Q

Women w/ breast CA

A

СА 15 - 3

45
Q

people with other cancers or benign disease of the breast or liver

A

СА 15 - 3

46
Q

• Initially found in patients with colorectal

A

СА 19 - 9

47
Q

• Pancreatic, liver and stomach CA

A

СА 19 - 9

48
Q

• Proteins produced by some breast cancers

A

CATHEPSIN D

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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