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CC2 LECTURE > MUSCLE INJURIES > Flashcards

MUSCLE INJURIES Flashcards

1
Q

Myocardial infarction is diagnosed by the presence of 2 out of 3 features:

A

a. Chest pain
b. ECG changes
c. Cardiac enzymes

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2
Q
  • prolonged
A

Chest pain

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3
Q

 most important condition
 heart attack
 decreased flow of blood in the heart causing damage to the
heart muscle
 major cause of morbidity in the US

A

Myocardial infarction

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4
Q

Enzymes released from cells

A

AST, CK & LDH

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5
Q

LDH ()

A

LD1 > LD2

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6
Q

Enzyme leaks from cells after injury; half-life is about

A

4 hours

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7
Q

longer during

A

renal dysfunction

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8
Q

PROTEIN MARKERS

A
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9
Q

Heme-containing protein that binds O2 with cardiac and skeletal muscle

A

Myoglobin

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10
Q

Earliest marker in MI

A

Myoglobin

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11
Q

Reasonable sensitivity but poor specificity for MI dx

A

Myoglobin

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12
Q

Used in dx but not specific

A

Myoglobin

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13
Q

Levels are related to muscle mass and activity

A

Myoglobin

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14
Q

Bind O2 within cardiac and skeletal muscle

A

Troponin

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15
Q

Govern excitation-contraction coupling

A

Troponin

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16
Q

Troponin Three subunits:

A

o Troponin T (cTnT) - tropomyosin-binding unit
o Troponin C (TnC) - calcium-binding subunit
o Troponin I (cTnI) - inhibitory subunit (binds to actin)

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17
Q

o Troponin T (cTnT) -

A

tropomyosin-binding unit

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18
Q

o Troponin C (TnC) -

A

calcium-binding subunit

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19
Q

o Troponin I (cTnI) -

A

inhibitory subunit

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20
Q

(binds to actin)

A

cTnI

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21
Q

are bound to muscle fibers

A

cTnT and cTnI

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22
Q

cTnT and cTnI slowly released ((?)after MI)

A

1-2 weeks

23
Q

Essentially absent from normal serum

A

Troponin

24
Q

Troponin Highly sensitive assay:

A

0.1 ng/mL

25
Q

“gold standard” for diagnosis of MI Together w/ CK and LDH

A

Troponin

26
Q

Troponin Specimen of choice:

A

heparinized plasma samples

27
Q

Troponin False positive results:

A

Fibrin
Rheumatoid Factor

28
Q

(incompletely clotted specimen) Adhere to walls of testing kits

A

Fibrin

29
Q

Risk factor for CVD

A

Rheumatoid Factor

30
Q

Involved in contraction and relaxation on the heart muscle

A

Troponin

31
Q

Troponin Location: (responsible for the excitation of the heart)

A

Actin and Tropomyosin

32
Q

Direct trauma

A

physical injury, surgery, strenuous exercise, or IM injection

33
Q

CK

o Severe disorders caused by adverse effects that
triggers dopamine receptors

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

34
Q

CK

A

Direct trauma (physical injury, surgery, strenuous exercise, or IM injection)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Chronic skeletal muscle damage

35
Q

Protein marker found in skeletal muscle and NOT found in cardiac muscle

A

Carbonic Anhydrase – III

36
Q

Type of muscle injury

A

RHABDOMYOLYSIS

37
Q

Caused by:

A

drugs (ethanol & cocaine), viral infections, extreme
exertion, crush injuries, ischemia of lower extremities and
inflammatory myopathies

38
Q

Higher total CK w/ myoglobinuria

A

RHABDOMYOLYSIS

39
Q

: release of cell contents (K+, PO5, and nucleotides)

A

“Cell lysis syndrome”

40
Q

Muscle fiber die causing release of cell contents ito
the blood stream

A

RHABDOMYOLYSIS

41
Q

RHABDOMYOLYSIS Complication :

A

kidney / renal failure

42
Q

Kidney cannot process the contents of muscle fiber that passes through the glomerulus

A

RHABDOMYOLYSIS

43
Q

RHABDOMYOLYSIS TYPES

A

• Cardiac Muscle Injury (CMI), Skeletal Muscle Injury (SMI), Rhabdomyolysis (RML)

44
Q

Difficult to distinguish the two

A

Cardiac Muscle injury existing with Skeletal Muscle
injury

45
Q

is the diagnostic test of choice for recognition of
cardiac injury

A

Troponin

46
Q

↑ Total CK, AST, Myoglobin, Tropomin =

A

SMI and CMI

47
Q

↑ Total CK, AST, Myoglobin, Normal Troponin =

A

SMI

48
Q

↑ Myoglobin, CA-III =

A

SMI

49
Q

↑ Myoglobin and CA - III =

A

SMI

50
Q

↑CA-III=

A

SMI

51
Q

↑ Tropomin =

A

SMI

52
Q

↑ CK, AST, Myoglobinuria =

A

RML

53
Q

↑ Myoglobin =

A

RML

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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