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CC2 LECTURE > C1 - SECTION 2. ENZYME NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION > Flashcards

C1 - SECTION 2. ENZYME NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

Classifications of Enzymes - Based on

A

catalytic activity of an enzyme

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2
Q

categorized enzymes into six (6) classes

A

The International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) Enzyme Commission

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3
Q

Older names: Dehydrogenases & Oxidases

A

Oxidureductase

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4
Q

Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions

A

Oxidureductase

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5
Q

catalyze the transfer of electrons from one molecule (the oxidant) to another molecule (the reductant).

A

Oxidureductase

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6
Q

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A– + B → A + B– where A is the oxidant and B is the reductant

A

Oxidureductase

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7
Q

Assayed for investigation of cardiac & liver disorders

A

Oxidureductase

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8
Q

Move an intact group of atoms (NH2 or PO4) from one molecule to another

A

Transferases

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9
Q

catalyze reactions similar to the following A + BX = AX + B

A

Transferases

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10
Q

Gives information about liver damage

A

Transferases

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11
Q

Splits molecules with water as part of the reaction process

A

Hydrolases

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12
Q

catalyze reactions similar to the following: L A + H20 = B + C

A

Hydrolases

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13
Q

Three (3) Groups:

A

o Esterases: ACP, ALP, Lipase
o Peptidases: Leucine aminopeptidase, Pepsin
o Glycosidases: Amylase, Amylo-1,6-glucosidase

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14
Q

o Esterases:

A

ACP, ALP, Lipase

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15
Q

o Peptidases:

A

Leucine aminopeptidase, Pepsin

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16
Q

o Glycosidases:

A

Amylase, Amylo-1,6-glucosidase

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17
Q

Responsible for splitting molecules or breaking of bonds (C to C; C to O; C to N, etc.)

A

Lyases

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18
Q

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A = B + C

A

Lyases

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19
Q

Assayed in disorders of skeletal muscles

A

Lyases

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20
Q

Responsible for the conversion of one isomer to another

A

Isomerases

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21
Q

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A > B

A

Isomerases

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22
Q

All reactions are reversible

A

Isomerases

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23
Q

Enzymes causing bond formation between two molecules to form a larger molecule

A

Ligases

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24
Q

catalyze reactions similar to the following: A + B = AB

A

Ligases

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25
Q

Enzymes are classified according to the

A

type of reaction they catalyze.

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26
Q

In naming an enzyme, the suffix (?) is added to the name of the substrate

A

“ase”

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27
Q

Describes the nature of the reaction catalyzed

A

Systematic name

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28
Q

Numerical code designation prefixed w/ the letters E.C.

A

Systematic name

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29
Q

Example: E.C. 3.1.3.1 = ALP and E.C. 3.1.3.2 = ACP

A

Systematic name

30
Q

1st digit =

A

denotes the class of the enzyme

31
Q

2nd digit =

A

sub-class of the enzyme

32
Q

3rd digit = sub sub-class

A
33
Q

4th digit =

A

specific serial number

34
Q

a.k.a Non- specific, Practical name, Working name

A

Trivial name

35
Q

Uses acronyms and abbreviations

A

Trivial name

36
Q

Examples: SGOT, SGPT

A

Trivial name

37
Q

ENZYME NOMENCLATURE BASIS

A
  1. Type of reaction catalyzed
  2. Suffix “ASE” added to the name of substrate
  3. STANDARD SYSTEM
38
Q

STANDARD SYSTEM
Formulated by

A

IUB and IUPAC

39
Q

•This approach removes all ambiguity about the enzyme’s identity

A

STANDARD SYSTEM

40
Q

Several distinct forms of enzymes

A

ENZYME VARIANTS

41
Q

Important in the diagnosis of specificity

A

ENZYME VARIANTS

42
Q

Multichained enzymes of similar activity

A

ISOENZYMES

43
Q

Appear in specific tissue, organ & cell organelle of similar organisms

A

ISOENZYMES

44
Q

Appear in specific tissue, organ & cell organelle of similar organisms

A

ISOENZYMES

45
Q

ISOENZYMES Example:

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

46
Q

•Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Contains [?] (polypeptide chains)

A

H & M sub-units

47
Q
  • heart, RBC & renal tubules
A

H4 (LD1)

48
Q
  • heart, RBC & renal tubules
A

H3M (LD2)

49
Q
  • lungs, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas
A

H2M2 (LD3)

50
Q
  • liver, skeletal muscles
A

HM3 (LD4)

51
Q
  • liver, skeletal muscles
A

M4 (LD5)

52
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF ISOENZYMES

A
53
Q

– rate of migration isoenzymes in electrophoresis

A

1.Electrophoretic mobility

54
Q

Based on size, molecular weight, type of media used, number of electrons, charge of molecule

A

1.Electrophoretic mobility

55
Q

– type of separation technique

A

Mobility in Ion Exchange Resin

56
Q

– can be in the form of a chemical substance

A

Response to Inhibition

57
Q
  • inhibited by 2% Formalin
A

ACP (RBC)

58
Q
  • not inhibited by 2% Formalin
A

ACP (Prostate)

59
Q

is less sensitive to a-naphthyl PO4

A

ACP (RBC)

60
Q

Enzymes of similar catalytic activity but are specie specific

A

HETEROENZYMES

61
Q

Genetically-transmitted enzyme

A

ALLOENZYMES

62
Q

Main importance: Forensic medicine and Genetics

A

ALLOENZYMES

63
Q

Important in defining the biochemical characteristics of an individual

A

ALLOENZYMES

64
Q

•Generally secreted

A

PLASMA-SPECIFIC ENZYMES

65
Q

•Enzymes that exert their function in plasma

A

PLASMA-SPECIFIC ENZYMES

66
Q

•Ex. Enzymes associated with the coagulation pathway and complement system

A

PLASMA-SPECIFIC ENZYMES

67
Q

•No specific functions in plasma (lack of activators or coenzymes)

A

NON-PLASMA SPECIFIC ENZYMES

68
Q

— secreted in plasma at a high rate but rapidly disposed off to excretory channels; transient high conc

A

•B.1 Enzymes of Secretion

69
Q

– carry out their functions within the cells in which they are formed

A

•B.2. Enzymes associated w/ Cellular Metabolism

70
Q

Ex. ACP (Prostate) only induces in the prostate; CK induces in the heart muscle

A

•B.2. Enzymes associated w/ Cellular Metabolism

71
Q

•Found only in one lodation, particularly the cell sap (vacuoles – serves as storage compartment)

A

UNILOCULAR ENZYME

72
Q

•Found in the mitochondria & cell sap

A

BILOCULAR ENZYME

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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