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CC2 LECTURE > C5 - Section 1. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

C5 - Section 1. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrinology is a field of medicine which studies hormones and their actions.

A
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2
Q

These hormones are produced from endocrine glands.

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3
Q

The endocrine system is a finely integrated system whereby the hypothalamus, pituitary & target glands continually communicate through feedback inhibition & stimulation, to control all aspects of metabolism, growth and reproduction (Henry) and by understanding this interplay, and carefully manipulating these systems via provocative and suppressive stimuli, it is possible to characterize an underlying abnormality and provide directed treatment

A
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4
Q

Secretory products transported in the bloodstream from their place of synthesis to a distant location where they exert their action.

A
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5
Q

These are chemical substances that have a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs or cell types.

A
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6
Q

Hormones have the following important functions:

A

 Control rates of certain chemical reactions
 Transport substances across cell membranes
 Help regulate water and electrolyte balance
 Play a role in reproduction

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7
Q

Three General classes of Hormones

A

Steroid Hormones
Polypeptides and Proteins
Hormones derived from amino acids

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8
Q

generally hydrophobic

A

Steroid Hormones

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9
Q

Many circulate in plasma bound to high-affinity proteins

A

Steroid Hormones

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10
Q

Small % are free for biologic activity

A

Steroid Hormones

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11
Q

Half-life: 60 – 100 mins.

A

Steroid Hormones

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12
Q

water-soluble

A

Polypeptides and Proteins

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13
Q

Circulate unbound in plasma

A

Polypeptides and Proteins

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14
Q

Half-life: vary from 5 to 60 mins.

A

Polypeptides and Proteins

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15
Q

Initiate their response by binding to cell membrane receptor

A

Polypeptides and Proteins

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16
Q

Half-lives vary

A

Hormones derived from amino acids

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17
Q

Examples:
Thyroxine – protein-bound (Half-life: almost 1 week)
Epinephrine – not proteinbound (Half-life: <1 min.)

A

Hormones derived from amino acids

18
Q

– protein-bound (Half-life: almost 1 week)

A

Thyroxine

19
Q

– not proteinbound (Half-life: <1 min.)

A

Epinephrine

20
Q

Types of Hormone Action according to Tietz

A
21
Q

hormone synthesized in one location & released into plasma

A
  1. Endocrine
22
Q

Binds to specific receptors in cells at a distant site to elicit characteristic response

A
  1. Endocrine
23
Q

hormone synthesized in nerve ending & released into EC space

A
  1. Neuroendocrine
24
Q

Interacts w/ receptors of cells at distant site

A
  1. Neuroendocrine
25
Q

hormone synthesized in neurons & released into EC space

A
  1. Neurocrine
26
Q

Binds to receptor in nearby cell & affects its function

A
  1. Neurocrine
27
Q

hormone synthesized in neurons & released from nerve endings

A
  1. Neurotransmission
28
Q

Crosses synapse & binds to specific receptors in another neuron

A
  1. Neurotransmission
29
Q

hormone synthesized in endocrine cells & released into EC space

A
  1. Paracrine
30
Q

Binds to specific receptor of nearby cell & affects its function

A
  1. Paracrine
31
Q

hormone synthesized in endocrine cells & released into lumen of gut

A
  1. Exocrine
32
Q

The biological response to a hormone is initiated by the binding of the hormone to target cell receptors

A
33
Q

provide the target cell with a mechanism for recognizing & concentrating the hormone

A

Receptors

34
Q

activates the target cell to begin the chain of events that constitutes the biological effect(s) of that hormone

A

hormone-receptor complex

35
Q

3 ways in which control of Hormonal Secretion occurs

A
36
Q

1.Releasing (trophic) hormones from the (?) control secretions of the anterior pituitary.

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

37
Q
  1. The (?) influences certain endocrine glands directly.
A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

38
Q
  1. (?): respond directly to changes in fluid composition.
A

FREESTANDING GLANDS

39
Q

Mechanism of Hormone Secretion

A
40
Q

An increase in one hormone would result in the increase of a second hormone

A

Positive Feedback Mechanism

41
Q

An increase in one hormone causes a decrease in the second hormone

A

Negative Feedback Mechanism

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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