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TRYPSIN AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreas-specific serine protease

A

TRYPSIN

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2
Q

Enzymes that breaks down proteins

A

serine protease

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3
Q

Solely produced by pancreatic acinar cells

A

TRYPSIN

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4
Q

Cleaves peptide bonds formed between the –COOH group of lysine or arginine with other amino acids

A

TRYPSIN

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5
Q

Zymogen:

A

o trypsinogen-1
o trypsinogen-2

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6
Q

an inactive substance that is converted into an enzyme when activated by another enzyme.

A

Zymogen

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7
Q

TRYPSIN Activator:

A

Enterokinase

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8
Q

– activates zymogens into active state

A

Enterokinase

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9
Q

Inactivated in plasma by:

A

α-1-antitrypsin

α-2-macroglobulin

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10
Q

– glycoprotein produced by the liver; balances protease enzyme found in the lungs

A

α-1-antitrypsin

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11
Q

– serine protease inhibitor

A

α-2-macroglobulin

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12
Q

TRYPSIN-1 (Cationic) Elevated in:

A

Acute pancreatitis

Chronic renal failure

Cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

TRYPSIN-2 (Anionic) Elevated in:

A

Acute pancreatitis

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14
Q

TRY-1 rises in parallel with serum AMY activity

A

Acute pancreatitis

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15
Q

a common inherited genetic disease in pediatric patients, newborns

A

Cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

Cystic fibrosis CM

A

severe pancreatic insufficiency

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17
Q

accumulation of thick muscous secretion in the pancreatic ducts that inhibit secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes

A

severe pancreatic insufficiency

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18
Q

Acute pancreatitis – Serum trypsinogen-2 increases more than trypsinogen-1

A

(10-fold greater)

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19
Q

TRYPSIN-2 (Anionic)

Acute pancreatitis

larger amounts are excreted into

A

urine

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20
Q

are currently being used for differentiating the cause of acute pancreatitis

A

Trypsin assays

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21
Q

: more elevated in alcohol-associated pancreatitis (chronic alcohol abuse)

A

Trypsinogen-2 and Trypsin-2-a1-antitrypsin

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22
Q

: more elevated in biliary pancreatitis

A

Trypsinogen-1. AMS, and LPS

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23
Q

inhibitory protein

A

Try1-a1-antitrypsin

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24
Q

detect: Trypsinogen-1, Try-1 and Try1-a1-antitrypsin complex

A

Commercial IMMUNOASSAYS

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25
Q

expensive; not commonly performed

A

Commercial IMMUNOASSAYS

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26
Q

based on the use of immunochromatography with monoclonal antibodies (serology)

A

Urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip

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27
Q

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Other names:

A

peptidyl dipeptidase A / Kininase II

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28
Q

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME SYSTEMATIC NAME

A

3.4.15.1

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29
Q

TRUE CHOLINESTERASE SYSTEMATIC NAME

A

E.C. 3.1.1.7

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30
Q

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE SYSTEMATIC NAME

A

E.C. 3.1.1.8

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31
Q

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE SYSTEMATIC NAME

A

E.C. 3.4.11.1

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32
Q

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE OR 5’-NT SYSTEMATIC NAME

A

E.C.3.1.3.5

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33
Q

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE Other name:

A

5’-ribonucleoside phosphohydrolase

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34
Q

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE Other name:

A

Acylcholine Acyl hydrolase

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35
Q

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Conversion of

A

angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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36
Q

Takes part in the RAAS

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME

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37
Q

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Inactivation of

A

bradykinin, encephalin, tachykinin

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38
Q

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME Most activity:

A

lungs (primary) & endothelial cells

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39
Q

ACE ELEVATIONS

A

pulmonary involvement

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40
Q

ACE DECREASE

A

sarcoidosis

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41
Q

an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph glands

A

sarcoidosis

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42
Q

abnormal masses or nodules (called granulomas) consisting of inflamed tissues form in certain organs of the body are found

A

sarcoidosis

43
Q

an enzyme that splits acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) into acetic acid and choline

A

TRUE CHOLINESTERASE

44
Q

TRUE CHOLINESTERASE Major source:

A

CNS, RBCs, Lung and Spleen

45
Q

Measurement of activity: True Cholinesterase uses

A

acetylcholine

46
Q

Measurement of activity: Pseudocholinesterase uses

A

butyrylthiocholine

47
Q

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE

Released thiocholine reacts with (?)

A

Ellman’s reagent

48
Q

Product: measured photometrically

A

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE

49
Q

neurotransmitter – chemicals released by the nerve cells; gaps or synapses between the neurons that are responsible for amplifying signal exchange

A

acetylcholine

50
Q

cuts the flow of information in the neurons

A

acetylcholine

51
Q

Diagnosis of organophosphate insecticide poisoning (cholinesterase activity is inhibited)

A

TRUE CHOLINESTERASE and PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE

52
Q

Cleaves succinylcholine

A

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE

53
Q

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE Major source:

A

Liver, myocardium & pancreas

54
Q

Component of anesthesia (numbness relaxation)

A

succinylcholine

55
Q

Broken down by Pseudocholinesterase

A

succinylcholine

56
Q

muscle relaxant used during surgery

A

succinylcholine

57
Q

Uncontrolled lacrimation, salivation, and urination

A

organophosphate insecticide poisoning

58
Q

Liver function test: Pseudocholinesterase prod’n (decreased activity in)

A

malnutrition

59
Q

For diagnosis of genetic variants

A

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE

60
Q

Prolonged apnea after using succinylcholine during anesthesia

A

PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE

61
Q

= shorter anesthesia effect

A

↑ Pseudocholinesterase

62
Q

Hydrolyzes amino acids from the N-terminal end of the peptides

A

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE

63
Q

An exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the amino terminus of polypeptide chains

A

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE

64
Q

LAPs are widely distributed, ubiquitous in nature, and are of critical biological importance because of their role in protein degradation

A

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE

65
Q

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE Measurement of activity:

A

Starch gel electrophoresis

66
Q

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE Normal Values:

A

MALES: 19.2 – 48.0 IU/L
FEMALES: 18.0 – 44.4 IU/L

67
Q

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE MAJOR ISOENZYMES

A

Liver isoenzyme

Placental isoenzyme

68
Q

major isoenzyme found in the canalicular membrane with similar activities to GGT and ALP

A

Liver isoenzyme

69
Q

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE Increased in

A

obstructive liver diseases

70
Q

NOT in bone disease – normal

A

LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE

71
Q

Sensitive than ALP & 5’-NT

72
Q

Less sensitive & specific than GGT

73
Q

Rank 2

A

(GGT, LAP, ALP, 5’NT)

74
Q

Liver isoenzyme LAP Elevated in

A

SLE (butterfly rash), breast, endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, germ cell tumors of the ovary and testis

75
Q

Important in hydrolysis of Oxytocin & Angiotensin II

A

Placental isoenzyme

76
Q

Neurotransmitter active after birth

77
Q

Production of breast milk

78
Q

Increased during 3rd trimester of pregnancy

A

Placental isoenzyme

79
Q

Acts on nucleosides w/ PO4: ATP & GTP – Guanosine triphosphate

A

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE

80
Q

Similar on CK activity

A

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE

81
Q

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE Tissue source: Widely distributed but predominates in the

82
Q

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE Measurement of activity: Assay uses large amounts of other

A

non-nucleoside substrates

83
Q

Chelating agents interfere (plasma)

A

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE

84
Q

may reflect hepatobillary disease with considerable specificity seen in acute hepatitis and also in ovarian carcinoma and rheumatoid arthritis

A

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE

85
Q

together with other enzymes such as ALP, LDH it can also serve as a tumor marker

A

5’-NUCLEOTIDASE

86
Q

RAAS System that control blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluid in the body by regulating (?) (sodium balance)

A

aldosterone

87
Q

if there is perceived volume depletion or low sodium filtered, (?) is produced juxtaglomerular apparatus (proteolytic enzyme), initiate cleavage of (?)

A

Renin

angiotensinogen

88
Q

Converts Angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor

A

angiotensin II

89
Q

It increased blood pressure and stimulate (?) release

A

aldosterone

90
Q

: aids in resolving KIDNEY problems

A

angiotensin II

91
Q

receives a predetermined blood supply to be filtered by the glomerulus

A

angiotensin II

92
Q

– juxtaglomerular apparatus produces RENIN

A

↓ blood supply

93
Q

angiotensin II

A

Sent to the circulation

94
Q

angiotensin II Converts (?) from the liver to angiotensin 1

A

angiotensinogen

95
Q

first precursor of angiotensin 2

A

angiotensinogen

96
Q

– circulates in the blood and reaches the lungs where it encounters the angiotensin converting enzyme to be converted to the active form of angiotensin 2

A

angiotensin 1

97
Q

Final product:

A

angiotensin 2

98
Q

Functions of RAAS

A

1) increases the sympathetic activity,
2) stimulates the tubular reabsorption of Na, Cl,
3) excretion of K
4) retention of H2O
5) stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands
6) Arteriolar vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure
7) Stimulate pituitary gland to secrete ADH or vasopressin

99
Q

– important electrolytes that balance water reabsorption and excretion

100
Q

– top of the kidney; pyramid shape

A

adrenal glands

101
Q

: acts on the tubules of the nephrons to stimulate Na retention

A

Aldosterone

102
Q

Prevents urination

A

ADH or vasopressin

103
Q

Stimulation of water reabsorption due to low blood pressure

A

ADH or vasopressin

104
Q

– works to maintain the normal amount of blood being presented to the kidneys

A

Liver, kidney and lungs

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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