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CC2 LECTURE > DRUGS OF ABUSE > Flashcards

DRUGS OF ABUSE Flashcards

1
Q

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

A

Republic Act No 9165 : June 7,2002

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2
Q

repealing Republic Act No 6425, otherwise known as the

A

Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972

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3
Q
  • increasing applicability
A

Drug Testing

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4
Q

Drug Testing AGENCIES

A

government agencies
industrial agencies
sports agencies

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5
Q
  • the application of drug testing to questions of law
A

Forensic Drug Testing

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6
Q

Drug Testing Operations
RA 9165:

A

“Comprehensive Dangerous Drug’s Act of 2002”

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7
Q

Classification of DT Lab

A
  1. Ownership
  2. Institutional Character
  3. Service Capability
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8
Q
  1. Ownership
A

a. Government (BGH)
b. Private (UB-CL)

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9
Q
  1. Institutional Character
A

a. Institution-Based (UB-DTC, BGH)
b. Free Standing (Drug Check Internation – Upper Gen Luna)

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10
Q
  1. Service Capability
A

a. Screening (UBDTC)
b. Confirmatory (Manila-based)

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11
Q

Confirmatory Laboratory & Screening Laboratory : Screening Test

A

Immunoassay equipment or BFAD registered drugtesting kit or Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

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12
Q

Confirmatory Laboratory : Confirmatory Test

A

Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometer (GC-MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-MS) or some such modern and accepted equipment

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13
Q

Confirmatory Laboratory Basic equipment:

A
  • Laboratory oven
  • Analytical balance
  • Refrigerator
  • Freezer
  • Fumehood
  • Other necessary equipment based on the procedure used
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14
Q

Screening Laboratory Basic equipment:

A
  • Refrigerator/Freezer
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15
Q

a. Screening Lab: shall have at least [?] in floor area. The work area must be [?] with [?].

A

twenty (20) square meters

ten (10) square meters

exhaust fan, sink and storage cabinet

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16
Q

b. Confirmatory Lab: shall have at least [?] in floor area. The clinical work area must be [?] with [?].

A

sixty (60) square meters

thirty (30) square meters

exhaust fan, sink, stock room and instrumentation room

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17
Q

a. Screening lab: licensed physician with certification in [?] from the Philippine Board of Pathology or certification in [?] conducted by the DOH

A

Clinical Pathology

Clinical Laboratory Management Training

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18
Q

b. Confirmatory Lab: The confirmatory laboratory shall be headed by a licensed physician certified in [?] by the Philippine Board of Pathology with at least [?] of active laboratory experience in [?] or a licensed chemist with at least a [?] or a branch of Chemistry and at least [?] of active laboratory experience in [?].

A

Clinical Pathology

two (2) years ; analytical toxicology

Master’s Degree in Chemistry, Biochemistry

two (2) years; analytical chemistry

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19
Q

Mandatory DT
1. Applicants for [?]
2. Applicants for [?]
3. Officers and members of the [?]
4. Persons charged before the prosecutor’s office with a criminal offense having an imposable penalty of imprisonment of not less than [?]
5. Candidates for public office whether [?] both in the national or local government
6. Persons [?] for violating the provisions of this Act

A

Driver’s license

Fire arms license

military, police and law enforcement

six (6) years and one (1) day

appointee or elected

apprehended or arrested

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20
Q

Random DT
1. Students of [?]
2. Officers and employees of [?] whether domestic of overseas

A

secondary and tertiary school

public and private offices

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21
Q

: gold standard for confirmatory testing

A

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS)

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22
Q

Drug analysts:

A

Chemists, Pharmacists, Medical Technologists

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23
Q

Urine Volume for Drug Testing:

A

60 mL

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24
Q

: operating system used for drug testing; installed in computers (confirmatory/screening labs)

A

Integrated Drug Test Operations Management Information System (IDTOMIS)

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25
Q

TEST PRINCIPLE
• [?] between drug-protein conjugates and drugs that may be present in the urine sample.

A

Competition for antibody binding

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26
Q

: drug-protein conjugates

A

• Band regions

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27
Q

: mouse monoclonal Ab conjugated with gold particles

A

• Gold Pad

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28
Q

allows for selective ID of THC and MET

A

• Ab on the test strip

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29
Q

• [?] test kit

A

Lateral Flow

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30
Q

• Principle: Competition for Ab-binding between [?] in the urine sample

A

drug protein conjugates and drugs

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31
Q

TEST PROCEDURE
1. Allow all bit components and specimens to reach a temperature between [?] prior to testing.
2. Remove the test device from the foil pouch and place it on a [?].
3. Holding the urine dropper above the test device, dispense [?] of urine into the sample well (S).
4. As the test begins to work, you will see a purple colored band move across the [?] in the center of the test device.
5. Interpret test results at [?]. Do not interpret test result after [?].

A

15°C and 30°C

flat, dry surface

3-4 drops

result window

5 minutes

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32
Q

The presence of 3 colored bands (1, 2, C) within the result window, regardless of the order in which the bands appear, indicates a [?].

A

Negative Result

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33
Q

This indicates that the drug concentrations are below the detectable levels.

A

Negative Result

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34
Q

The presence of both the THC test band (2) and the control (C) within the result window, regardless of which band appears first, indicates a

A

Methamphetamine-Positive Result

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35
Q

This result indicates that the concentration of methamphetamine in the sample is at or above the detectable level (1000mg/mL).

A

Methamphetamine-Positive Result

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36
Q

The presence of both the MET (1) test band and the control (C) within the result window, regardless of which band appears first, indicates a

A

THC-Positive Result

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37
Q

This result indicates that the concentration of THC metabolites in the sample is at or above the detectable level (50mg/mL).

A

THC-Positive Result

38
Q

The presence of only the control (C) within the result window indicates a

A

Methamphetamine- and THC-Positive Result

39
Q

This result indicates that the concentration of methamphetamine and THC metabolites are at or above the detectable level (1000mg/mL and 50mg/mL respectively).

A

Methamphetamine- and THC-Positive Result

40
Q

If the control band (C) is not visible within the result window after performing the test, the result is considered invalid.

A

Invalid Result

41
Q

Instructions may not have been followed correctly or the test may have deteriorated beyond the expiration date.

A

Invalid Result

42
Q

It is recommended that the specimen be retested using a new test kit.

A

Invalid Result

43
Q

Methamphetamine
• Last about

A

2-4 hours

44
Q

Methamphetamine
• Half-life:

A

9-24 hours

45
Q

Methamphetamine
• is excreted in urine

A

10-20%

46
Q

Methamphetamine
• Detected:

A

3-5 days

47
Q

Methamphetamine
• Cut-off Value:

A

1,000 ng/mL

48
Q

: Concentration of drugs that can be detected in urine

A

Cut-off Value

49
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Peak effect:

A

20-30 mins

50
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Duration:

A

90-120 mins

51
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Derivatives in urine:

A

3 to 5 days after smoking

52
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Derivative in urine:

A

∆9-THCCOOH

53
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Cut-off Value:

A

50 ng/mL

54
Q
  • the usual sample used to test a number of drugs of abuse
A

• Urine specimen

55
Q

• Urine specimen DISADVANTAGES

A

• Detects only fairly recent drug use
• Will not differentiate casual use from chronic drug abuse

56
Q

ALTERNATIVE SPECIMENS

A

Meconium

Hair

Sweat

Saliva

57
Q

• first stool of the newborn

A

Meconium

58
Q

• begins to form during second trimester and continues to accumulate until birth

A

Meconium

59
Q

• provides evidence of maternal drug use anytime during the last two trimesters

A

Meconium

60
Q

• obtained easily; not easily tampered

A

Hair

61
Q

• prior drug use may be detected for several months

A

Hair

62
Q

• hair growth:

A

0.3 to 0.4 mm/day (90 – 12 strands = 100 mg of hair)

63
Q

• mechanism of drug deposition in hair

A

• transfer from blood to growing hair shaft
• transfer from sweat
• environmental contamination

64
Q

• sweat-patch collection devices, worn for several days to several weeks

A

Sweat

65
Q

• the drug, if present accumulates on the absorbent pad in the patch

A

Sweat

66
Q

• advantage: monitoring of drug use in correctional institutions or in drug rehab programs

A

Sweat

67
Q

• easy to obtain, less invasion of privacy and ease of adulteration

A

Saliva

68
Q

• ultrafiltrate of plasma

A

Saliva

69
Q

• detection of drug level is shorter compared with urine

A

Saliva

70
Q

• recent drug use

A

Saliva

71
Q

sample of choice

A

Urine

72
Q

represents the net load of the drug over a long period

A

Urine

73
Q

guard against specimen exchange and/ or adulteration

A

Urine

74
Q

urine pH, specific gravity and creatinine

A

Urine

75
Q

represents transient passage of the drug thru the circulation

A

Blood

76
Q

only a quick picture of the drug level at a specific time

A

Blood

77
Q

Processing and handling

A

confidentiality and chain of custody

78
Q
  • good sensitivity with marginal specificity
A

screening assay

79
Q
  • high sensitivity and specificity
A

confirmatory assay

80
Q

qualitative and quantitative info

A

confirmatory assay

81
Q

different from screening procedure

A

confirmatory assay

82
Q
  • rapid, stat, screening methods
A
  1. Emergency Room testing
83
Q
  • EMIT, FPIA and TLC
A
  1. Emergency Room testing
84
Q

LEVELS OF DRUG TESTING

A
  1. Emergency Room testing
  2. Forensic testing
85
Q
  • confirmatory methods
A
  1. Forensic testing
86
Q
  • HPLC and GC-MS
A
  1. Forensic testing
87
Q
  1. TLC
A

0.2 – 5 (mg/dL)

88
Q
  1. EIA
A

0.025 – 5 (mg/dL)

89
Q
  1. HPLC
A

0.02 – 10 (mg/dL)

90
Q
  1. GC
A

0.01 – 10 (mg/dL)

91
Q
  1. GC-MS
A

0.001 – 5 (mg/dL)

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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