NATURE OF DRUGS Flashcards
1
Q
Working Definition of a Drug:
• Any substance that produces (?) change within a short period of time after ingestion of a specified dose
A
physiological or psychological
2
Q
Nature of Drug Dependence:
• When an individual becomes (?) to a drug
A
strongly attached
3
Q
Dependency is subdivided into two categories:
A
2a. Physiological Dependence
2b. Psychological Dependence
4
Q
• The body continually needs to have the drug
A
Physiological Dependence
5
Q
• A person experiences sickness if drug is discontinued
A
Physiological Dependence
6
Q
• A person develops an uncontrollable “craving” (mental or emotional need) for a drug
A
Psychological Dependence:
7
Q
• The craving is a desperate need to continue
A
Psychological Dependence:
8
Q
Major Classes of Abused Drugs Six Categories:
A
- Narcotic Drugs
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens
- Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
- Club Drugs
- Performance Enhancing Drugs
9
Q
- taken as painkillers (analgesic)
A
- Narcotic Drugs
10
Q
Causes insensibility or numbness
A
- Narcotic Drugs
11
Q
Usually OTC
A
- Narcotic Drugs
12
Q
Ex. Paracetamol, Alaxan, Ibuprofen
A
- Narcotic Drugs
13
Q
- taken to increase mental and physical energy
A
Stimulants
14
Q
Aka “Speed”
A
Stimulants
15
Q
Speeds up CNS / messaging process w/in the brain
A
Stimulants
16
Q
Causes inc in heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure
A
Stimulants
17
Q
Ex. Caffeine, Nicotine
A
Stimulants
18
Q
- taken to change one’s mental state
A
Hallucinogens
19
Q
Distorts sense of reality
A
Hallucinogens
20
Q
Oldest Hallucinogens:
A
Marijuana (Canabis sativa)
21
Q
- taken to dull one’s senses, to reduce anxiety, or induce sleep
A
Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
22
Q
Counterpart of stimulants
A
Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
23
Q
Aka “Slowers”
A
Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
24
Q
Ex. Alcohol
A
Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
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- taken to enhance one's enjoyment of a party or other social activities
Club Drugs
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Ex. Ecstasy
Club Drugs
27
- taken to build muscles, endurance, or enhance athletic performance
Performance Enhancing Drugs
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Ex. Anabolic steroid
Performance Enhancing Drugs
29
- the primary active drug in opium
Morphine
30
can be smoked directly or chemically processed to isolate pure morphine
Opium
31
All natural and drug compounds derived from opium are known as
opiates
32
• are psychologically addictive drugs: withdrawal causes severe physiological symptoms (aggitated)
Opiates
33
• - second most abundant component of opium
Codeine
34
•, a derivative of morphine (equally addictive)
Heroin
35
• Synthetic painkillers include
Darvon & Demerol
36
are taken to make one feel more energetic, strong, or awake
Stimulants
37
• Abused stimulants:
Amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine
38
• is the drug most commonly produced in clandestine labs
Methamphetamine
39
- very powerful stimulant; enormously psychologically addicting
• Cocaine
40
is usually inhaled through the nose
• Cocaine hydrochloride
41
Its free base form ("crack") is vaporized by heat in a pipe and inhaled into the lungs
Cocaine hydrochloride
42
Cause a significantly altered mental state, often including hallucinations
Hallucinogens
43
Marijuana
Physiologically active ingredients:
Cannabinoids
44
found in the resinous leaf coating of Cannabis sativa
Cannabinoids
45
is one of the oldest Hallucinogens
Marijuana
46
The most active cannabinoid is
THC
47
Detectable in urine from 1 to 4 weeks after last use
THC
48
Metabolites of Marijuana:
• Delta-9-carboxy-THC
• 111-hydroxy-delta-9-THC
49
- more potent form of marijuana made from the flowering tops of the plant
• Hashish
50
: made by heating the plant material in a solvent, then evaporated leaving a thick oily material (almost pure resin)
• Hash oil
51
• Hash oil can be mixed with
tobacco or other vegetable material
52
is an extremely potent hallucinogen
• LSD
53
Causes visual hallucinations, brilliant colors, and the perception that one is wise
• LSD
54
or "angel dust"
PCP (phenylcyclidine)
55
• Naturally occurring hallucinogens
Peyote
56
the bud of a particular cactus
Peyote
57
Main active ingredient in peyote:
"mescaline"
58
Magic mushrooms:
Genus Psilocybe
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Active PEYUTE BUTTON components:
psilocin and psilocybin
60
- most abused Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
Alcohol (depressant)
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- physiologically active depressants, resulting in a physical & mental state similar to alcohol-induced intoxication
Barbiturates
62
BARBITURATES
• Barbituric acid
• Phenobarbital (long-acting)
• Amobarbital (intermediate-acting)
• Pentobarbital (short-acting)
• Thiopental (ultra-short-acting)
63
(long-acting)
• Phenobarbital
64
anticonvulsant
• Phenobarbital
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(intermediate-acting)
• Amobarbital
66
(short-acting)
• Pentobarbital
67
(ultra-short-acting)
• Thiopental
68
sedative-hypnotic
• Thiopental
69
Condensation product of urea and malonic acid
BARBITURATES
70
• Fat soluble :
easily crosses BBB
71
• Low doses:
sedation, drowsiness and sleep
72
• Higher doses :
anesthesia
73
• Very high doses:
stupor, coma and death
74
• Toxicity:
depression, cyanosis, hypothermia, hypotension
75
(a benzodiazepine)
• Valium
76
- a tranquilizer drug designed to relieve anxiety
• Valium
77
is a benzodiazepine and a major drug of abuse at raves and the club scene
• Rohypnol or "roofies"
78
prepared by clandestine labs, or obtained legally from other countries
Club Drugs
79
- "love drug" or "Ecstasy"
MDMA
80
GHB, gamma hydroxybutyrate
Club Drugs
81
: used for their hypnotic or depressant effects
GHB and related compound GBL
82
- anesthetic and animal tranquilizer
Ketamine
83
causes anterograde amnesia (short-term amnesia)
Ketamine
84
have been implicated in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assaults
Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine
85
“date-rape” drugs
Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine
86
Athletes trying to gain a competitive edge may abuse
stimulants and painkillers
87
The first drug controlled because of their abuse by athletes were anabolic steroids
Athletic Performance Enhancers
88
Anabolic steroids promote cell growth resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength
Athletic Performance Enhancers
89
- for research only
I
90
- high potential for abuse
I
II
91
no approved medical use
I
92
- Rx drugs: special prescription
II
93
unrefillable
II
94
- high potential for abuse
II
95
- available by prescription
III
96
may have 5 refills in 6 months
III
97
- available by prescription
III
IV
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may have 5 refills in 6 months
III
IV
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- over the counter
V
100
I
• Marijuana
• Hashish
• Heroin
• PCP
• LSD
101
II
• Opium
• Cocaine
• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
102
III
• Phenobarbital
• Diazepam
• Anabolic steroids
103
Other Commonly Abused Substances
104
1. Nicotine-
cigarettes, tobacco
105
2. Ethyl alcohol -
liquor, beer, wine
106
3. Dextromethorphan -
cough and cold medications
107
4. Inhalants -
solvents (paint thinners, gasoline, glues), gases (butane, propane), nitrites
108
Other routes:
1. Intramuscular
2. Intravenous
3. Oral
4. Inhalation
5. Patches
6. Intrarectal
7. Eyedrops
109
Factors
1. Weight
2. General health
3. Medication
110
active/potent metabolite of opium
Morphine
111
Most popular product being traded worldwide
Opiates or Narcotic Drugs
112
Grows in humid/hot envi (tropical)
Opiates or Narcotic Drugs
113
Most commonly tested drug
Methamphetamine
114
Easily synthesized from hidden plant testing labs
Methamphetamine
115
“Shabu”
Methamphetamine
116
Placed on table and snorted; More particulate than shabu
Cocaine
117
“Paraphernalias”
Cocaine hydrochloride
118
most popular hallucinogen
Marijuana
119
- first to legalize marijuana
Thailand
120
Grows in cold temp
Marijuana
121
5-finger leaf (bear claw under the microscope)
Marijuana
122
Causes hallucinations
Marijuana
123
Can be used as ingredient for cooking/baking ( [?]– taken by cancer px)
marijuana brownies
124
Tested in urine for screening and confirmatory testing
THC
125
Looks like a filter paper w/ cartoon characters
LSD
126
the dried sap of the opium poppy plant
opium
127
used as a strong painkiller and cough suppressant (control substance in the Ph)
Codeine
