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CC2 LECTURE > NATURE OF DRUGS > Flashcards

NATURE OF DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Working Definition of a Drug:

• Any substance that produces (?) change within a short period of time after ingestion of a specified dose

A

physiological or psychological

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2
Q

Nature of Drug Dependence:

• When an individual becomes (?) to a drug

A

strongly attached

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3
Q

Dependency is subdivided into two categories:

A

2a. Physiological Dependence
2b. Psychological Dependence

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4
Q

• The body continually needs to have the drug

A

Physiological Dependence

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5
Q

• A person experiences sickness if drug is discontinued

A

Physiological Dependence

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6
Q

• A person develops an uncontrollable “craving” (mental or emotional need) for a drug

A

Psychological Dependence:

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7
Q

• The craving is a desperate need to continue

A

Psychological Dependence:

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8
Q

Major Classes of Abused Drugs Six Categories:

A
  1. Narcotic Drugs
  2. Stimulants
  3. Hallucinogens
  4. Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
  5. Club Drugs
  6. Performance Enhancing Drugs
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9
Q
  • taken as painkillers (analgesic)
A
  1. Narcotic Drugs
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10
Q

Causes insensibility or numbness

A
  1. Narcotic Drugs
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11
Q

Usually OTC

A
  1. Narcotic Drugs
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12
Q

Ex. Paracetamol, Alaxan, Ibuprofen

A
  1. Narcotic Drugs
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13
Q
  • taken to increase mental and physical energy
A

Stimulants

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14
Q

Aka “Speed”

A

Stimulants

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15
Q

Speeds up CNS / messaging process w/in the brain

A

Stimulants

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16
Q

Causes inc in heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure

A

Stimulants

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17
Q

Ex. Caffeine, Nicotine

A

Stimulants

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18
Q
  • taken to change one’s mental state
A

Hallucinogens

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19
Q

Distorts sense of reality

A

Hallucinogens

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20
Q

Oldest Hallucinogens:

A

Marijuana (Canabis sativa)

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21
Q
  • taken to dull one’s senses, to reduce anxiety, or induce sleep
A

Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers

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22
Q

Counterpart of stimulants

A

Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers

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23
Q

Aka “Slowers”

A

Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers

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24
Q

Ex. Alcohol

A

Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers

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25
Q
  • taken to enhance one’s enjoyment of a party or other social activities
A

Club Drugs

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26
Q

Ex. Ecstasy

A

Club Drugs

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27
Q
  • taken to build muscles, endurance, or enhance athletic performance
A

Performance Enhancing Drugs

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28
Q

Ex. Anabolic steroid

A

Performance Enhancing Drugs

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29
Q
  • the primary active drug in opium
A

Morphine

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30
Q

can be smoked directly or chemically processed to isolate pure morphine

A

Opium

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31
Q

All natural and drug compounds derived from opium are known as

A

opiates

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32
Q

• are psychologically addictive drugs: withdrawal causes severe physiological symptoms (aggitated)

A

Opiates

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33
Q

• - second most abundant component of opium

A

Codeine

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34
Q

•, a derivative of morphine (equally addictive)

A

Heroin

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35
Q

• Synthetic painkillers include

A

Darvon & Demerol

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36
Q

are taken to make one feel more energetic, strong, or awake

A

Stimulants

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37
Q

• Abused stimulants:

A

Amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine

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38
Q

• is the drug most commonly produced in clandestine labs

A

Methamphetamine

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39
Q
  • very powerful stimulant; enormously psychologically addicting
A

• Cocaine

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40
Q

is usually inhaled through the nose

A

• Cocaine hydrochloride

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41
Q

Its free base form (“crack”) is vaporized by heat in a pipe and inhaled into the lungs

A

Cocaine hydrochloride

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42
Q

Cause a significantly altered mental state, often including hallucinations

A

Hallucinogens

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43
Q

Marijuana
Physiologically active ingredients:

A

Cannabinoids

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44
Q

found in the resinous leaf coating of Cannabis sativa

A

Cannabinoids

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45
Q

is one of the oldest Hallucinogens

A

Marijuana

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46
Q

The most active cannabinoid is

A

THC

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47
Q

Detectable in urine from 1 to 4 weeks after last use

A

THC

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48
Q

Metabolites of Marijuana:

A

• Delta-9-carboxy-THC
• 111-hydroxy-delta-9-THC

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49
Q
  • more potent form of marijuana made from the flowering tops of the plant
A

• Hashish

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50
Q

: made by heating the plant material in a solvent, then evaporated leaving a thick oily material (almost pure resin)

A

• Hash oil

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51
Q

• Hash oil can be mixed with

A

tobacco or other vegetable material

52
Q

is an extremely potent hallucinogen

53
Q

Causes visual hallucinations, brilliant colors, and the perception that one is wise

54
Q

or “angel dust”

A

PCP (phenylcyclidine)

55
Q

• Naturally occurring hallucinogens

56
Q

the bud of a particular cactus

57
Q

Main active ingredient in peyote:

A

“mescaline”

58
Q

Magic mushrooms:

A

Genus Psilocybe

59
Q

Active PEYUTE BUTTON components:

A

psilocin and psilocybin

60
Q
  • most abused Depressants, Hypnotics, & Tranquilizers
A

Alcohol (depressant)

61
Q
  • physiologically active depressants, resulting in a physical & mental state similar to alcohol-induced intoxication
A

Barbiturates

62
Q

BARBITURATES

A

• Barbituric acid
• Phenobarbital (long-acting)
• Amobarbital (intermediate-acting)
• Pentobarbital (short-acting)
• Thiopental (ultra-short-acting)

63
Q

(long-acting)

A

• Phenobarbital

64
Q

anticonvulsant

A

• Phenobarbital

65
Q

(intermediate-acting)

A

• Amobarbital

66
Q

(short-acting)

A

• Pentobarbital

67
Q

(ultra-short-acting)

A

• Thiopental

68
Q

sedative-hypnotic

A

• Thiopental

69
Q

Condensation product of urea and malonic acid

A

BARBITURATES

70
Q

• Fat soluble :

A

easily crosses BBB

71
Q

• Low doses:

A

sedation, drowsiness and sleep

72
Q

• Higher doses :

A

anesthesia

73
Q

• Very high doses:

A

stupor, coma and death

74
Q

• Toxicity:

A

depression, cyanosis, hypothermia, hypotension

75
Q

(a benzodiazepine)

A

• Valium

76
Q
  • a tranquilizer drug designed to relieve anxiety
A

• Valium

77
Q

is a benzodiazepine and a major drug of abuse at raves and the club scene

A

• Rohypnol or “roofies”

78
Q

prepared by clandestine labs, or obtained legally from other countries

A

Club Drugs

79
Q
  • “love drug” or “Ecstasy”
80
Q

GHB, gamma hydroxybutyrate

A

Club Drugs

81
Q

: used for their hypnotic or depressant effects

A

GHB and related compound GBL

82
Q
  • anesthetic and animal tranquilizer
83
Q

causes anterograde amnesia (short-term amnesia)

84
Q

have been implicated in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assaults

A

Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine

85
Q

“date-rape” drugs

A

Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine

86
Q

Athletes trying to gain a competitive edge may abuse

A

stimulants and painkillers

87
Q

The first drug controlled because of their abuse by athletes were anabolic steroids

A

Athletic Performance Enhancers

88
Q

Anabolic steroids promote cell growth resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength

A

Athletic Performance Enhancers

89
Q
  • for research only
90
Q
  • high potential for abuse
91
Q

no approved medical use

92
Q
  • Rx drugs: special prescription
93
Q

unrefillable

94
Q
  • high potential for abuse
95
Q
  • available by prescription
96
Q

may have 5 refills in 6 months

97
Q
  • available by prescription
98
Q

may have 5 refills in 6 months

99
Q
  • over the counter
100
Q

I

A

• Marijuana
• Hashish
• Heroin
• PCP
• LSD

101
Q

II

A

• Opium
• Cocaine
• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine

102
Q

III

A

• Phenobarbital
• Diazepam
• Anabolic steroids

103
Q

Other Commonly Abused Substances

104
Q
  1. Nicotine-
A

cigarettes, tobacco

105
Q
  1. Ethyl alcohol -
A

liquor, beer, wine

106
Q
  1. Dextromethorphan -
A

cough and cold medications

107
Q
  1. Inhalants -
A

solvents (paint thinners, gasoline, glues), gases (butane, propane), nitrites

108
Q

Other routes:

A
  1. Intramuscular
  2. Intravenous
  3. Oral
  4. Inhalation
  5. Patches
  6. Intrarectal
  7. Eyedrops
109
Q

Factors

A
  1. Weight
  2. General health
  3. Medication
110
Q

active/potent metabolite of opium

111
Q

Most popular product being traded worldwide

A

Opiates or Narcotic Drugs

112
Q

Grows in humid/hot envi (tropical)

A

Opiates or Narcotic Drugs

113
Q

Most commonly tested drug

A

Methamphetamine

114
Q

Easily synthesized from hidden plant testing labs

A

Methamphetamine

115
Q

“Shabu”

A

Methamphetamine

116
Q

Placed on table and snorted; More particulate than shabu

117
Q

“Paraphernalias”

A

Cocaine hydrochloride

118
Q

most popular hallucinogen

119
Q
  • first to legalize marijuana
120
Q

Grows in cold temp

121
Q

5-finger leaf (bear claw under the microscope)

122
Q

Causes hallucinations

123
Q

Can be used as ingredient for cooking/baking ( [?]– taken by cancer px)

A

marijuana brownies

124
Q

Tested in urine for screening and confirmatory testing

125
Q

Looks like a filter paper w/ cartoon characters

126
Q

the dried sap of the opium poppy plant

127
Q

used as a strong painkiller and cough suppressant (control substance in the Ph)

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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