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CC2 LECTURE > MAGNESIUM > Flashcards

MAGNESIUM Flashcards

1
Q

4th most abundant [?] in the body
After 

A

cation

Na, K, Ca

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2
Q

2nd most abundant [?]
After[?]

A

intracellular ion

K

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3
Q

Amount in the body:

A

24g

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4
Q

distributed in primarily in the:

A

bones (53%)
intracellularly (46%)
bound to ATP (80%)
extracellularly (<1%)

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5
Q

serum magnesium (extracellular) is further divided into:

A

protein bound (30%)
ionized or free (55%) - readily available
complexed with other molecules such as phosphate and citrate (15%)

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6
Q

bones

A

(53%)

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7
Q

intracellularly

A

(46%)

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8
Q

bound to ATP

A

(80%)

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9
Q

extracellularly

A

(<1%)

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10
Q

protein bound

A

(30%)

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11
Q

ionized or free - readily available

A

(55%)

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12
Q

complexed with other molecules such as phosphate and citrate

A

(15%)

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13
Q

– most commonly used cofactor

A

Magnesium

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14
Q

Cofactor for

A

> 300 enzymes

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15
Q

Cofactor for > 300 enzymes, including those involved in:

A
  1. Glycolysis – breakdown of glucose
  2. Neuromuscular transmission
  3. Synthesis of CHO, CHON, lipids & nucleic acids
  4. Release of and response to certain hormones
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16
Q

[?] of dietary magnesium is absorbed in the [?]

A

20 to 65%

small intestines

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17
Q

overall regulation like the other electrolytes is a responsibility of the

A

kidney

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18
Q

Non-protein bound magnesium is readily filtered by the [?]

A

glomerulus

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19
Q

25 to 30% is reabsorbed in the

A

proximal convoluted tubules

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20
Q

Majority: 50 to 60% in the [?].

A

ascending loop of Henle

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21
Q

Only 2 to 5% is reabsorbed in the [?].

A

distal convoluted tubules

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22
Q

The renal threshold of magnesium is

A

0.60 to 0.85 mmol/L or mEq/l

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23
Q

Normal serum conc:

A
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24
Q

Approximately [?]of filtered magnesium is excreted in the urine per day.

A

6%

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25
Q

Related To The Regulation Of

A

Calcium And Sodium

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26
Q

increases the renal reabsorption of magnesium

A

PTH

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27
Q

enhances absorption of magnesium in the small intestines

A

PTH

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28
Q

provides the opposite effects

A

aldosterone and thyroxine

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29
Q

– overproduction of the PTH; abnormal inc of Mg conc in the blood; fast metabolism

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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30
Q

steroid hormone

A

aldosterone

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31
Q

produced by adrenal glands

A

aldosterone

32
Q

pyramid shaped organs found on top of the kidney

A

aldosterone

33
Q

retention of salt

A

aldosterone

34
Q

produced by thyroid glands

35
Q

T4

36
Q

Reduced intake:

A

Hypomagnesemia

37
Q

o poor diet/starvation

A

Hypomagnesemia

38
Q

Decreased absorption:

A

Hypomagnesemia

39
Q

Malabsorption syndrome

A

Hypomagnesemia

40
Q

Laxative abuse

A

Hypomagnesemia

41
Q

Pancreatitis: problem w/ digestive enzymes

A

Hypomagnesemia

42
Q

Increased renal excretion:

A

Hypomagnesemia

43
Q

Tubular disorder

A

Hypomagnesemia

44
Q

Glomerulonephritis: filter

A

Hypomagnesemia

45
Q

Drug-induced excretion:

A

Hypomagnesemia

46
Q

Diuretics

A

Hypomagnesemia

47
Q

Antibiotics Increased excretion (endocrine)

A

Hypomagnesemia

48
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypomagnesemia

49
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Hypomagnesemia

50
Q

Excess lactation

A

Hypomagnesemia

51
Q

Pregnancy: hyperexcitable uterus, anxiety, insomia

A

Hypomagnesemia

52
Q

Hypomagnesemia - most frequently observed in[?] may be due to overall depletion due to severe loss

A

hospitalized and in intensive care unit patients

53
Q

less frequently observed

A

Hypermagnesemia

54
Q

Hypermagnesemia - most severe elevations are usually a result of the combined effects of

A

decreased renal function and increased intake of commonly prescribed medications such as antacids

55
Q

Hypermagnesemia - most common cause is

A

renal failure

56
Q

Decreased excretion:

A

Hypermagnesemia

57
Q

Acute or chronic renal failure

A

Hypermagnesemia

58
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Hypermagnesemia

59
Q

Hypoaldosteronis

A

Hypermagnesemia

60
Q

Increased intake:

A

Hypermagnesemia

61
Q

Antacids

A

Hypermagnesemia

62
Q

Enemas Miscellaneous:

A

Hypermagnesemia

63
Q

Dehydration

A

Hypermagnesemia

64
Q

Bone carcinoma

A

Hypermagnesemia

65
Q

Specimen

A

Non-hemolyzed serum and Li-Heparinized plasma

24-hour urine sample

66
Q

Preferred sample

A

24-hour urine sample

67
Q

Because of a diurnal variation in excretion

A

24-hour urine sample

68
Q

must be acidified with HCl to avoid precipitation

A

24-hour urine sample

69
Q

Anticoagulants that are unacceptable.

A

Oxalate, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

70
Q

Any degree of hemolysis id [?] higher inside the cell than in serum

71
Q

Methods

72
Q

: for manual and automated use

A

Calmagite Method

73
Q

Mg2+ binds with calmagite to form a [?] that may be read at [?] (directly proportional)

A

reddish-violet complex

532 nm

74
Q

Other colorimetric

A

Formazen dye Method & Methylthymol Blue Method

75
Q

reference method

A

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

76
Q

AAS- is added to the sample diluent to bind with phosphate

A

Lantanum or Strontium

CC2 LECTURE (33 decks)

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