Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal/Resp > Tubulointerstitial/Vascular/Chronic Kidney disease > Flashcards

Tubulointerstitial/Vascular/Chronic Kidney disease Flashcards

1
Q

cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma due to

factors favoring intratubular percipitation and cast formation (3)

A

due to excessive production and urinary excretion of light chains

factors: hypercalcemia

volume depletion

nephrotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

2 findings in chronic kidney disease, due to uremic toxin buildup

A

coagulopathy > platelet dysfunction

sensorimotor neropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cortical infarct morpholhy

A

renal artery occlusion > extensive parenchymal infarction

smaller branch - wedge shaped infarct, pale with yperremic baorder and coagulation necrosis, hemorrhage+acute inflam at edge

later fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

predisposing conditions pyelonephritis

A

urinary obstruction

UT instrumentation

vesicoureteral reflux

pregancy

diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

often occurs after artial angiography

histopathologic evidence of clefts in vascular lumen

causes both acute and progressive kidney dysfunction

A

aheroembolic dieseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechanism of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease

A

decreased renal synth of 1,25-dihyrdroxy D3 AND decreased phosphate excretion lead to:
hypocalcemia

hyperphosphatemia

renal osteodystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

treatment myeloma cast nephropathy

A

hydration and urinary alkalinization to prevent tubular obstruction by casts

chemo or stem cell transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

kidney transplant at what point?

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

typical bacteria of pyelonephritis

A

gram neg bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

renal artery stensosis from atherosclerosis morpholohy

A

proximal stenosis

excentric plaque with intimal fibrosis, cell debris, lipid+foam cells

medial and adventitial fibrosis

plaque may hemorrhage or disect

calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

presenting features multiple myeloma

A

>40

renal insuffciency+proteinuria

hx of bone pain and fractures

hypercalcemia

monoclonal light chains in blood/urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by (3)

A

thrombosis in capillaries+arterioles (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thromboytopenia, renal failure)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

thrombot thrmbocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanism of HTN in renal artery stenosis

A

not enough pressure to kidney > increased renin production due to perceived hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes acute interstitial nephritis

A

drug hypersensitivity (PCN, NSAIDs. sulfonamides, rifampin)

infection

autoimmune - SLE, sjogrens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

suspect renal artery stenosis in:

A

elderly or late onset HTN

difficult to control HTN

abdominal or flank bruit

renal failure after starting ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anemia in chronic kidney disease results from ___

occurs at which point?

A

decreased EPO production

occurs below GFR of 60ml/min

13
Q

characterized by interstitial and tubular inflammation and the precense of bacteria on urine culture

often due to ascending UTI

A

pyelonephritis

14
Q

2 main casuses renovacualr hypertension

A

atherosclerosis

fibromuscular dysplasia

(also trauma, dissection, extrinsic compression from neoplasms)

15
Q

acute inflammation of kidney due to bacterial infection

(usually via bacterial route or hematogenous route)

A

acute pyelonephritis

16
Q

charactreized by fractured tubular casts with either lambda or kappa light chain predominance

A

myeloma cast neuropatyh

17
Q

physical exam symptoms of chromic in chronic kidney disease

A

lethary/fatigue

day-night sleep reversal

anoerixia, nausea, vomitng

pruritis

restless leg syndrome

uremic pericarditis

18
Q

comorbid infection related to thrombotic microangiopathy Hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

E coli 0157:H7

19
Q

mechanism of metabolic acidosis presenting in chronic kidney disease

A

decreased secretion of ammonium and retention of phosphate and sulfates

21
Q

morphologic features myeloma cast nephropathy

A

LM: crystalline, **fractured casts **in tubules with associated cellular reaction

IF: light chain predominance

EM: electron dense fractured casts

23
Q

characteized by interstitial infalmmation with eosinophil predomiance, eosinophilia, eosinophiluria,

often caused by drugs

A

acute interstitial nephritis

23
Q

renal artery stenosis stemming from fibromuscular dysplasia morphology

A

younger women

alternating thinned media and thicken fibromuscular ridges

string of beads

middle to distal artery

24
Q

chronic renal failure in multiple myeloma results from (3)

A

direct tubular toxicity of light chains

tubular obstruction by casts

interstitial inflammation

25
Q

measure of ESRD

A

GFR

26
Q

to slow progression of chronic kidney disease

A

control HTN

reduce proteinuria

control blood sugar

smoking cessation

(and other disease specific therapy0

28
Q

morphological features acute interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation+edema of interstitium+tubules (spraing of glomeruli and vessels)

lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils

possible granulomas

30
Q

along with renal failure, other manifestations of atheroembolic disease event

A

bowel infarct

digital infarct

stroke

(eosinophils in blood or urine)

31
Q

pathogenesis thromobotic microangiopatyh

A

endothelial injury and activation > intravscualr thrombosis

or

platelet aggregation > vascular obstruction and constriction

32
Q

presentation acute interstitial nephritis

A

**hypersensitivity signs key: **fever, arthalgias, macuopapular rash

peripheral blood eosinophilia,

eosinophils in urine

urine: WBCs WBC casts, RBCs

34
Q

morphology renal malignant hypertension

A

mucoid intimal thickening of arteries

glomerular capillary wringling

gbm duplication

35
Q

treatment renal artery stenosis

A

surgical revacularization

angioplasty and stenting

36
Q

consequences of chronic kidney disease (3)

A

Anemia

HTN

secondary hyperparathyroidism

37
Q

morphology hypertensive nephrosclerosis

A

gross: normal-small size, finely granualr subcapsular surface

LM: subcapsu;lar glomerular scleorisis,

tubular atrophy,

interstitial fibrosis

arteriolar hyaline

38
Q

chemotactic for eosinophils seen in atheroemboli eosinophilia

A

C5a activation

Renal/Resp (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions