Intro to sleep Flashcards
normal humans _____ in sleep, leading to hypercapnia
hypoventilate (breathing decreases more than metaboic demands
K complexes and sleep spindles found in
Stage 2
cerebral blood flow changes in sleep
increases in REM
decreases in NREM
(overall decrease in total vascular resistance in sleep)
changes in ACTH with sleep
cortisol decreases with sleep onset
lowest in early part of sleep, highest 4:00am to 8:00am
REM sleep releases inhibition of ___ neurons
chiolinergic
paralysis of REM sleep via
postsynaptic inhibition of motor neurons - hyperpolarization of motorneuron membranes
theta waves, 3-7cps indicative of (state)
stage 1 sleep
alpha waves 8-12cps indicative of (state)
drowsy state
changes in growth hormone during sleep
peak 90mins past onset
sleep deprivation decreases secretion
temperature changes with sleep
NREM - lowered threshold, lower shivering, sweating at ambient temperature
REM - no regulation - no shivering, no sweating, body temp drifts toward ambient temp
waves typical of REM sleep
sawtooth
percent time spent in sleep, NREM stages 1-4
1) 2-8%
2) 45-55%
3-4) 13-23%
circadian rhythm brain location
suprachiastmatic nucelus (hypothalamus)
functions s of ___ sleep include
processing of information
unlearning irrelevant information
memory consolidation
facilitating learning and memory
REM
stage that predominates in first half of night
NREM
paradoxical sleep
REM
change in VCO2, VO2 in sleep
decrease
Process C
circadian component affecting propensity for sleep and waking,
alerting signal that maintains wakefullness
increase in PaCO2 in sleep is due to
alveolar hypoventilation
changes in parathyroid hormone with sleep
increased in sleep
peaks 2-4:00am
patadoxical respiration
rib cage inward, abdomen outward
breathing pattern in sleep stages
1
2
3
4
1 and 2 - periodic breathing
3-4 - regular breathign
REM sleep occurs when reduced NE and 5HT releases inhibition of ___ and ___ neurons that activate REM system
pontine PPT and LDT cholinergic neurons
changes in sleep architecture, neonates and elderly
neonates - large portion of REM
elderly - very little stage 4, 3,
fractionated sleep - 10-15 cycles per night (vs 5)
reseting of circadian cycles mediated through
photoreceptors in retina sending signals to scn
___ neurons in the raphe pallidus and ____ neruons in locus coeruleus are wake promoting
serotoninergic neurons in raphe pallidus
noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus
functions of ___ sleep include
growth, tissue repair, clearance of wasts
enhancement of immune system
restoration of cerebral energy stores
NREM
