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Renal/Resp > Hydronephrosis > Flashcards

Hydronephrosis Flashcards

1
Q

key to detemining TNM staging

A

whether muscularis propria invaded

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2
Q

most common benign tumor of kidney

most common complication of this tumor

A

angiomyolipoma (mesenchymal tumor)

hemorrhage complication

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2
Q

polypoid cystitis morphology

A

projections blunt/broad based,

best diagnosed at low power

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2
Q

grading of urothelial grading based on

A

nuclei arrangemen/polarity and invasion

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3
Q

61% of neprhogenic adenoma (nephrogenic metaplasia) arise following

A

GU surgery

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4
Q

associations medullary carcinoma

A

african or mediterranean descent

patients have sickle cell or sickle cell trait

worst outcome of all kidney cancers (1-7months)

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4
Q

morphology nephrogenic adenoma

A

benign proliferation of tubules, inflammatory cells

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5
Q

angiomyolipoma derived from

A

cell type with premelanosomes > stains positive with melanoma markers

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5
Q

papillary cystitis morphology

A

lined by urothelium

stroma has inflamm cells

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6
Q

patients with acquired cystic diseasse due to crhonic dialysis dependency have a 100x risk of

A

oxalate crystals

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6
Q

association, morphology Celar Cell tubulopapillary carcinoma

A

occurs in ESkidneys (cystic or non-cystic)

papillary cores lined by cells with clear cytoplasm and clei towards lumen apical surface

tight packed tubules

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8
Q

morphology clear cell type renal carcinoma

A

softening center of tumor = gelatinous necrosis (worsens outcome)

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9
Q

association upper urothelial tract orothelail carcinoma

A

mismatch repaire genes (as in Lynch syndrome)

instabilitity of at least two microstellite markers

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11
Q

presentation renal cell carcinoma

A

painless hematuria

palpable abdominal mass

dull flank pain

polycythemia in 10% due to EPO production by tumor (paraneoplastic syndrome)

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12
Q

morphology papillary type renal cell carcinoma (2 types)

A

tumor cells line finger like projection into stroma

prominent nuclei

blood vessess + macrophages

papilalry type 1 - thin papillae, small cuboidal

paillary type 2 - thick papilae, abundeant cytoplasma

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13
Q

differentiate pT1 vs pT2

A

muscularis propria involvement

14
Q

morphology chromophobe carcinoma

A

normal glomerulus

circumscribed tumor

halo around wrinkled nuclei

binucleateed cells

metatasis rare

15
Q

features of exophytic or papillary carcinoma to report on TURBT

A

invasive? (into lamina propria)

muscularis propria present?

precent involvement

necrosis

16
Q

oncocytoma arises from

A

intercalated cells of colelctin duct

18
Q

morphology collecting duct carcinoma

A

irregular aggregates of tumor cells

surrounded by endemetous desmoplastic stroma

large 6-11cm

metatasize early

19
Q

morphology oncocytoma

A

gross - yellow brown with central scarring

LM - edematous stroma (white)

nests/islands of pink eosinophilic cytoplasm

20
Q

renal cell carcinoma stagin

A

T1 -

T2 >7cm, confined to kidney

T3a - extend to fat of kidney capsule

T3b - extend to renal vein, pos to IVC

22
Q

morphology angiomyolipoma

A

prominent vessels

muscle cells

bubbly vacuolated cells

23
Q

common histo finding of carcinoma in situ due to distburbed cell-cell interaction

A

denuding cystitis - dicohesive cells

24
Q

polypoid cystitis vs papillary cystitis

A

both arise with submucosal edema, inflammation

polypoid cystitis has more blunt projections, tip wider than base than papillary, which is more likely to mimc tumor

25
Q

morphology hydronephrosis

A

cortex and medulla compressed to a rim

pelvicalyceal system dilated

26
Q

morphology urothelial papilloma

A

minially branching delicate papillae with fibrobascualr core

lined with normal urothelium, no significant cytologic atypia

27
Q

___% with carcinoma in situ develop biopsy proven cancer

often presents with bladder ulcerations mimicking some benign conditions

A

60%

28
Q

common staging of upper urothelial tract urothelial carcinoma

A

most are high grade and locally advanced

(agressive, muscle wall is thin)

29
Q

stages of TNM with no muscularis propria invasia

A

pTIS, pTa Pt1

30
Q

morphology medullary carcinoma

A

atpyical cells with prominetn nuclei

subtle borders

necrosis as tumor outgrows blood supply

31
Q

renal cell carcinoma nucleolar grading

A

Grade 1 - tiny dot nuclei

Grade 2 - nuclei variation, nucleoli inconspicuous

grade 3 nuclei appreciated at low power

grade 4 - bizarre cells

32
Q

flat intra urothelial neoplasia morphology

A

loss of polarity

nuclear clustering

increased nuclear size

nuclear peoplmorphism

increased chromatin granularity

scattered nucleoli

33
Q

wilms tumor components derived from

A

mesoderm

35
Q

morphology cystitis cystica / glanularis

A

nest of cells

mucin developing cells > inflammation (PMNs)

36
Q

risk of ancer in urothelial dysplasia

A

mildly increased (15%)

Renal/Resp (43 decks)

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