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Renal/Resp > Bacterial Pathogens of Resp tract > Flashcards

Bacterial Pathogens of Resp tract Flashcards

1
Q

morphology mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

no cell wall (no gram stain)

coccoid

obligate aerobe

produces P1 adhesion

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2
Q

morphology mycoacterium tuberculosis

A

acid fast rods (gram postive)

wall containign mycolic acids and lipoarabinomannan

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3
Q

DT also a carrier for conjugate vaccines _____ (mechanism)

A

Hib-CRM 197 point mutation in DT that inactivates toxin

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4
Q

diseases associated with cornebacterium diphtheriae

A

non-toxin strains - localized infection > pseudo membrane

toxin producing strains cause systemic disease

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4
Q

presentation Legionnaires vs Pontiac

(associations, treatment, seasonality)

A

legionaires with underlying pulmonary disease

legionnaires requires antibiotics, higher mortality

legionaires in late summer or autmn (endemic throughout year) (pontiac has no seasonality)

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5
Q

morphology stetococus pyogenes (group a strep)

A

Group A lancefield

Gram pos cocci chains

catalase neg

betahemolytic

M proteins

hyaluronic acid capsule

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5
Q

morphology strep pneumoniae

A

no lancefield designation

Gram pos

cocci (often diplococci)

alpha hemolytic (partial lyse, green colonies)

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5
Q

alpha hemolytic, causes green stain on agar

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

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5
Q

mechanism of disease H influenzae

OMPs HMW1+2

LOS

process-

A

OMPs HMW1+2 outer membrane proteins bind

LOS has endotoxin activity

invade submucosa > localized inflammatory response

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6
Q

mechanism of disease Staph aureus

LTA

Coagulase

hyaluronidase

Lipases and nucleasesctin

Protein

A

normal component of nasopharyngeal flora

LTA binds epithelial fibrone** A **binds FcR - inhibit Ab clearnance

Coagulase converts fibrinogen to fibrin

hyaluronidase promotes spread

Lipases and nucleasesctin

Protein

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8
Q

associated diseases Bordetella pertussis

A

whooping cough

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8
Q

RT diseases of staphylococcus aureus

A

**pneumonia **- young + elderly w/pulmonary disease

(acquired from aspiration of oral secretion or hematongenous spread from distant infection site)

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9
Q

scarlet fever in s. pyogenes due to

A

pyrogenic enxotoxins (super antigens)

(not bacterial dissemination)

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10
Q

diseases of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

TB (various manifestations)

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11
Q

diseases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

tracheobronchitis

atypical pneumonia

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12
Q

diseases of legionella penumophila

A

legionnaire’s - pneumonia like symptoms

pontiac fever - flu like

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13
Q

H influenzae morphology

A

small gram negative rods

require heme and NAD for growth

polysaccharide capsule

use pili and OMPs to bind epeithelial

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14
Q

staph aureas morphology

A

gram pos cocci

clusters

catalase pos

polysaccharide capsule with surface protein A

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14
Q

morphology pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

gram negative rod

single polar flagella

oxidase positive

form biolfilms

opportunistic

16
Q

vaccine for c. diphtheria

A

formalin inactivated diptheria toxin

16
Q

diseases of pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

lung infections of cystic fibrosis patients

others

18
Q

morphology corynebacterium diptheriae

A

gram positive

pallisades

19
Q

diseases of streptococcus pneumoniae

A

lobar pneumonia

sinusitis

otitis media

19
Q

mechanisms of disease Strep pneumonia

A

**surface proteins **bind epithelial

**secretory IgA proteae **disrupt IgA-mediated clearance

**Pneumolysin - **activates alternative complement path (alpha hemolytic) also supressives oxidative burst and destroys ciliated epithelial cells

19
Q

morphology Legionella pneumophila

A

gram negative rod

opportunistic

single polar flagellla

21
Q

mechanism of disease bordetella pertussis

A

bind ciliary epithelium >
>PTc alters andenylate cyclase activity >
> ADP ribosylates Gia > elevate cAMP >
> increased secretion and mucus production >

other factors damage mucocilliary elevator

23
Q

diseases streptococcus pyogenes

A

Pharyngitis

scarlet fever - strep pharyngitis + erhythematous punctiform rash

24
Q

vaccine to H influenze

A

type B for polysaccharide capsule

26
Q

mechanism of disease S pyogenes

A

surface proteins **M, F, LTA **adhere in pharynx

Streptolysin O and S lyse leukocytes, platelets and erythrocytes (beta hemolytic)

**pyrogenic exotoxins **mediate pyrogenicity (scarlet fever super ag)

27
Q

mechanism of disease M pneumoniae

A

P1 adhesion to upper airway

accumulation of toxic metaboites + lipid oxidation

destroys cilia > inhibiting clearence

inflammatory response

29
Q

mechanism of disease N. meningitidis

A

capsule - prevent pahgocytosis + complement fixation

Type IV pili - colonization of nasopharynx

Endotoxin - most clinical symp

LOS - endotoxin

29
Q

mechanism of disease P aeruginosa

A

opportunistic

biofilms

procyanin/pychelin induce ROI release

Exotoxins ExoA,U,Y,S destroy host tissues

proteases, elastase, DNAase Lipase

31
Q

diseases of h influenzae

A

pneumonia

sinusitis

otitis

epiglottis

non-encapsulated strains limited to URIs

(lower more common in kids or underlying condition)

32
Q

synthesized by corynebacterium diptheriae

A

diptheria toxin DTx

AD{ ribosylates EF-2 (inhibits protein synth)

pili

34
Q

stages of whooping cough (bordetella pertussis)

A

catrrhal

paroxysmal

convalescence (few organisms in tract)

35
Q

synthesized by bordetella pertussis

A

pertussis toxin PTx

adhesions including FHA

pertactin

pili

36
Q

diseases associated with neisseria meningitidis

A

phayngitis pneumonia

progression to meningitis

37
Q

incubation period

legionnaires

pontiac fever

A

legionnaires = 2-10days

pontiac - 1-2 days

39
Q

streptococcus pyogenes ____ = completely lyses RBCs underlying colony

A

beta hemolytic

40
Q

asymptomatic carriers of bordetella pertusis

A

adults (then transfer to young)

41
Q

vaccines for strep pneumoiae

A

adults+2yo children - 23 capsular polysaccaride vaccine

children < 2 - 13valent conjugated vaccine

42
Q

N meningtidis vaccine

A

polysaccaride capsule

against sialic acid in sero group B (protein based)

Polyvalent against serogroups A C Y and W135

MCV4 conjugate vaccine - 55 - 2yo

MPSV4 capsule vaccine - 55 and older

43
Q

mechanism of disease L pneumophila

A

survives inside alveoli

kills infected host cell via phosphatase, lipase, nucleases

44
Q

mechanism of disease c dihtheriae

A

pili adherence to resp epithelium

replicate at surface of epithelium

invasion > toxigenesis (if toxin strain) >

> systemic disease (if toxin strain)

45
Q

morphology Bordetella pertusis

A

Gram neg coccobacillis

strict aerobe

46
Q

morphology neisseria meningitidis

location

A

gram neg diplocci

oxidase pos

polysaccharide capsule

pili

(nasopharynx of healthy indiv.)

47
Q

mechanism of disease M tuberculosis

A

latency in granulomas

symptoms due to host response

long chain fatty acids (mycolic acids, liparabinomanan) protects

cord factor inhibits PMNs

Renal/Resp (43 decks)

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