Antibiotics

Question 1

Beta lactams effective against

Answer 1

gram positive and negative

maximal on actively growing bacteria

Question 2

penicillin G and V spectrum

Answer 2

anaerobes (esp gram pos) -clostridium , peptostreptococcus, veillonella, actinomyces)

**gram pos, non-beta-lactamase producing - **most strep, bacillus anthracis (NOT Staph or enterococcus

**limited gram neg - **neiserria meningitidus

**spirochetes - **syphilis

Question 3

penicillins for beta-lactamase postive staph (MSSA)

Answer 3

methicillin type drugs

oxacillin

Question 4

spectrum Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

Answer 4

**gram pos - **Listeria, Strep, ENterococcus (UTI)

expanded gram neg - Neisseiria, Haemophilus, Escheiricia, Salmonella

(amoxicillin drug of choice for otitis media)

Question 5

penicillins with extended gram negative spectrum

Answer 5

ticarcillin

piperacillin

Question 6

ticarcillin spectrum

Answer 6

some gram post

some anaerobes

**extended gram neg - **pseudomonas
(betalactamase sensitive)

Question 7

piperacillin spectrum

Answer 7

**grame neg - **some psuedomonas and klebsiells (including ticarcillin resistant)

Question 8

side effect of penicillins

Answer 8

elevated liver enzymes

hemolytic anemia

seizures

Question 9

Beta lactamase inhibitors

Answer 9

clavulanic acid, tazobactam

Question 10

spectrum clavulanic acid, tazobactam

Answer 10

(beta lactamaase inhibitors)

class A, some class D beta lactamases

Staph, Neisseria, Haemophilus, E coli, proteus, anaerobes

(restores utiiltiy of apicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin)

Question 11

mechanism of resistance Penicillin strep pneumo

Answer 11

change in PBPs

Question 12

mechanism of resistance MRSA

Answer 12

acqueisition of new PBP2a encoded by MecA

Question 13

first generation cephalosporins

Answer 13

cefalozin

cephalexin

Question 14

spectrum cafazolin, cephalexin (first gen cephalosporins)

Answer 14

Stap and Strep (incl MSSA)

surgical prophylaxis

NOT for Enterococcus, listeria, methicillin resistant staph

Question 15

spectrum cefuroxime (2nd gen cephalosporin)

Answer 15

only 2nd gen to penetrate CSF

best for Haemophilus

good tolerance against many gam neg B lactamases

Question 16

spectrum cefoxitin

Answer 16

good for anaerobes including B fragilis

good gram neg beta lactamsase tolerance

Question 17

spectrum ceftriaxone

Answer 17

common menigitidis (neissieria, strep pneumo, Haemophilus)

DOC for gonnorhea

long half life

**gram negs - **e coli, klebsiella, enterobacter,

Question 18

cefepime spectrum

4th gen cephalosporin

Answer 18

more resistent to type 1 Beta lactamases

serious inpatient infection, penetrates CSF

**gram negs **- e coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus