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Renal/Resp > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

tumor surpressor genes implicated in bronchogenic carcinoma

A

p53

Retinobalstoma

genes on short arm of Chromosome 3

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1
Q

non small cell carcinomas

A

Squamos

Adenocarcinoma

Large Cell carcinoma

Adenosquamous

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1
Q

response to chemotherapy, small cell and non small cell

A

small cell only responds to chemo

surgical option in non-small cell

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1
Q

most common bronchogenic carcinoma in males

A

squamous cell

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1
Q

squamous cell pearls due to keratin synthesis found in

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

most common bronchogenic carcinoma of women, non-smokers

also most common ____

A

adenocarcinoma

most common lung cancer in US

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4
Q

___ causes DNA damage at same condons of p53 gene, as seen in mutations of bronchogenic carcinoma

A

benzopyrene

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4
Q

horner’s syndrome in pancoast tumor

A

ipsilateral ptosis

miosis

ipsilateral anhydrosis

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4
Q

microscopic carcinoid

A

nests/cords/masses

unifrom cells with round nuclei

salt and pepper chromatin

IHC: NSE, chromogranin synaptophysin

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5
Q

prognosis determination bronchogenic carcinoma

A

TNM (no-small cell)

Small cell -limited disease = confined to single hemithorax with no lymph node involvement

small cell extensive - not confined, lymph involvement

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7
Q

definition paraneoplastic syndrome

A

symptom complexes that occur in patients with caner that cannot be readily explained by local or distat spread, por by elaboration of hormones by tumor cells

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9
Q

prognosis, bronchogenic carcinoma

A

highly malignant (4months)

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10
Q

most common visceral malignancy in maless

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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10
Q

demographics small cell carcinoma

A

male smokers, central location

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12
Q

histo small cell carcinoma

associated symptoms

A

necrosis (crush artifact)

secretory neuroendocrien granules

advanced stage

paraneoplastic syndrome common

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12
Q

routes of metastasis bronchogenic carcinomas

A

hilar lymph nodes (lymphatic spread)

adrenal glands (hematogenic)

liver (hematogenic)

brain (hematogenic)

bone (hematogenic)

14
Q

histo sqaumous cell carcinoma

A

**central cavity necrosis **

central

keratin formation

intercellualr bridges

usually endobronchial

15
Q

response to chemo small cell carcinoma

A

excellent response

(but recurs rapidly)

17
Q

presentation bronchogenic carcinoma

A

50s

7months of symptoms

Cough

Weight loss

chest pain

dypsnea

inscreased sputum

17
Q

4 histo presentations, adenocarcinoma

A

glandular with mucin

papillary

solid

or **Lepidic (Bronchioalveolar) - **single periphereal nodule, or multiple nodules, lepidic spread along alveolar septa

19
Q

demographic carcinoid tumors

A

<40 years

m=f

20
Q

histo large cell carcinoma

A

large cells without differentiation

highly malignant

mostly peripheral

22
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma etiology

A

Tabocco

industrial hazards

air polution (indoor radon)

genetics (oncogenes)

scarring

23
Q

pattern Bronchioalveolar subtype of adenocarcinoma

A

lepidic spread along alvolar septa

nonmucinus type follows clara, type 2 cells, typically nodular

mucinous type (tall, columnar cells) worse prognosis, typical diffuse

24
Q

clinical course carcinoid tumors

A

hemoptysis

cough

obstructive symptons (if intraluminal growth)

infections, bronchietasis, atelectasis or emphysema

carcinoid syndrome

metastases rare (typically benign)

25
Q

epidermal growth factors confiend to adenocarcinoma

A

EGFR

KRAS

EML4-ALK

(predictive of response and resistance)

25
Q

presentation and pathogenesis carcinoid syndrome

A

intermittnent diarrhea

flushing

cyanosis

(neuroendocrine cell 5HT secretion)

26
Q

growth+metastasis squamous cell vs adenocarcinoma

A

adenocarcinoma grows more slowly, metatasizes more frequently than squamous cell

28
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes (5)

A

(common in small cell

Cushings (ACTH)

Hyonatremia (innaporpriate ADH secretion)

Carcinoid syndrome (5HT)

Hypercalcemia (parahormone) (squamous cell)

myastehnic syndrome (eaton lambert)

29
Q

presentation andenosquamous carcinoma

A

squamous+adeno

peripheral

associated with scarring

similar to adenocarcinoma clinically

smokers

31
Q

drug with toxicity (hemorrhage) in SqCC

A

Bevacuzimab

32
Q

5 year survival for SCC, Adeno carcinoma, small cell

A

10% for SCC and AdenoCa

3% for small cell

Renal/Resp (43 decks)

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