Triangles of Neck Flashcards
At what level is the hyoid bone?
Level of C3 and C4 – suspended by muscles
Fascia between the dermis and deep cervical fascia that contains sensory nerves, blood and lymph vessels, platysma muscles
Superficial fascia
Describe important features of the platysma muscle?
Within the superficial fascia, muscle of facial expression - innervated by CN VII and takes pressure off of jugular vein as well
Most superficial fascia that surrounds the entire neck including SCM and trapezius
Investing fascia
Anterior neck fascia that contains infrahyoid muscle and blends with pericardium
Pretracheal fascia
Fascia that encloses the vertebral column and associated musculature
Prevertebral fascia
Fascia that covers the carotids, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve
Carotid sheath
Where is the retropharangeal space?
Posterior to pharynx and esophagus, bounded by carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia
What is the purpose of the retropharangeal space?
Permits movement of larynx and pharynx during swallowing but is an easy route for infections to spread
Borders of the anterior triangle?
SCM, inferior mandible, midline of the neck
Borders of the posterior triangle?
SCM, trapezius and clavicle
What nerves are in the posterior triangle?
CN XI, cutaneous nerves = lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical and suprascapular
What arteries are in the posterior triangle?
EJV, occipital, subclavian, suprascapular
What muscles are in the posterior triangle?
inferior belly of omohyoid, posterior and middle scalene, levator scapulae, splenius capitus
Describe congenital torticollis
Tumor within SCM during utero that causes childs head to be turned to side and the face turned away from affected side
Describe muscular torticollis
SCM possibly injured during birth, fibrotic mass traps CN XI – denervating it = head turned towards side and face turned away as SCM is stiff and shortened
Where do the cutaneous nerves of the neck emerge from?
Posterior margin of SCM at the nerve point of the neck, slightly above the transverse cervical nerve
Anterior rami of lesser occipital nerve
C2
Lesser occipital nerve supplies?
Skin of scalp and posterior auricle
Anterior rami of greater auricular nerve
C2, C3
Greater auricular nerve supplies?
skin over parotid gland, between mandible and auricle
Anterior rami of transverse cervical nerve
C2, C3
Transverse cervical nerve supplies?
Skin over anterior triangle
Anterior rami of Supraclavicular nerves
C3, C4
Supraclavicular nerves supply?
Skin of lower neck and shoulder
Anterior rami of phrenic nerve
C3, C4, C5
Phrenic nerve supplies?
Thoracic diaphragm
What runs right with the C1 anterior rami that supplies the tongue musculature?
CN XII - hypoglossal nerve
What are the subtriangles in the anterior triangle?
Submental (unpaired), submandibular, carotid, muscular
What are the borders for the submental triangle?
Both digastric anterior bellies and hyoid bone
What is in the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes and veins that form anterior jugular vein
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
Mandible, digastric posterior belly and digastric anterior belly
What is in the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland, CN XII, mylohyoid nerve and parts of facial artery and vein
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
SCM, superior belly of omohyoid muscle and midline from hyoid to manubrium
What is in the muscular triangle?
Sternothyroid myscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
SCM, Omohyoid superior belly and digastric posterior belly
What are some things that run in the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath and contents, CN XII, CN XI, superior root of ansa cervicalis, thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, branches of cervical plexus
What are the arteries of the anterior triangle?
Carotid sinus, internal and external carotid with branches
Where is the thyroid gland located?
From level C5 - T1 — deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles
Contain elastic vocal ligaments running btwn thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
Vocal folds (cords)
What determines the pitch of sound from the vocal folds?
Tension in the folds regulated by muscles innervated by CN X
What determines the volume of sound from the vocal folds?
Force of air
What come together when holding breath but are not vocal folds?
Ventricular folds = false vocal folds
Disorder of voice
dysphonia
Inflammation of vocal folds
Hoarseness
Inflammation of vocal folds where they no longer vibrate
Laryngitis
