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Neuroendocrine > Triangles of Neck > Flashcards

Triangles of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

At what level is the hyoid bone?

A

Level of C3 and C4 – suspended by muscles

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2
Q

Fascia between the dermis and deep cervical fascia that contains sensory nerves, blood and lymph vessels, platysma muscles

A

Superficial fascia

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3
Q

Describe important features of the platysma muscle?

A

Within the superficial fascia, muscle of facial expression - innervated by CN VII and takes pressure off of jugular vein as well

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4
Q

Most superficial fascia that surrounds the entire neck including SCM and trapezius

A

Investing fascia

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5
Q

Anterior neck fascia that contains infrahyoid muscle and blends with pericardium

A

Pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

Fascia that encloses the vertebral column and associated musculature

A

Prevertebral fascia

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7
Q

Fascia that covers the carotids, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

A

Carotid sheath

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8
Q

Where is the retropharangeal space?

A

Posterior to pharynx and esophagus, bounded by carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the retropharangeal space?

A

Permits movement of larynx and pharynx during swallowing but is an easy route for infections to spread

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10
Q

Borders of the anterior triangle?

A

SCM, inferior mandible, midline of the neck

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11
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle?

A

SCM, trapezius and clavicle

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12
Q

What nerves are in the posterior triangle?

A

CN XI, cutaneous nerves = lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical and suprascapular

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13
Q

What arteries are in the posterior triangle?

A

EJV, occipital, subclavian, suprascapular

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14
Q

What muscles are in the posterior triangle?

A

inferior belly of omohyoid, posterior and middle scalene, levator scapulae, splenius capitus

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15
Q

Describe congenital torticollis

A

Tumor within SCM during utero that causes childs head to be turned to side and the face turned away from affected side

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16
Q

Describe muscular torticollis

A

SCM possibly injured during birth, fibrotic mass traps CN XI – denervating it = head turned towards side and face turned away as SCM is stiff and shortened

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17
Q

Where do the cutaneous nerves of the neck emerge from?

A

Posterior margin of SCM at the nerve point of the neck, slightly above the transverse cervical nerve

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18
Q

Anterior rami of lesser occipital nerve

A

C2

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19
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supplies?

A

Skin of scalp and posterior auricle

20
Q

Anterior rami of greater auricular nerve

A

C2, C3

21
Q

Greater auricular nerve supplies?

A

skin over parotid gland, between mandible and auricle

22
Q

Anterior rami of transverse cervical nerve

A

C2, C3

23
Q

Transverse cervical nerve supplies?

A

Skin over anterior triangle

24
Q

Anterior rami of Supraclavicular nerves

A

C3, C4

25
Q

Supraclavicular nerves supply?

A

Skin of lower neck and shoulder

26
Q

Anterior rami of phrenic nerve

A

C3, C4, C5

27
Q

Phrenic nerve supplies?

A

Thoracic diaphragm

28
Q

What runs right with the C1 anterior rami that supplies the tongue musculature?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve

29
Q

What are the subtriangles in the anterior triangle?

A

Submental (unpaired), submandibular, carotid, muscular

30
Q

What are the borders for the submental triangle?

A

Both digastric anterior bellies and hyoid bone

31
Q

What is in the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes and veins that form anterior jugular vein

32
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Mandible, digastric posterior belly and digastric anterior belly

33
Q

What is in the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland, CN XII, mylohyoid nerve and parts of facial artery and vein

34
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid muscle and midline from hyoid to manubrium

35
Q

What is in the muscular triangle?

A

Sternothyroid myscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

36
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

SCM, Omohyoid superior belly and digastric posterior belly

37
Q

What are some things that run in the carotid triangle?

A

Carotid sheath and contents, CN XII, CN XI, superior root of ansa cervicalis, thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, branches of cervical plexus

38
Q

What are the arteries of the anterior triangle?

A

Carotid sinus, internal and external carotid with branches

39
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

From level C5 - T1 — deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

40
Q

Contain elastic vocal ligaments running btwn thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

A

Vocal folds (cords)

41
Q

What determines the pitch of sound from the vocal folds?

A

Tension in the folds regulated by muscles innervated by CN X

42
Q

What determines the volume of sound from the vocal folds?

A

Force of air

43
Q

What come together when holding breath but are not vocal folds?

A

Ventricular folds = false vocal folds

44
Q

Disorder of voice

A

dysphonia

45
Q

Inflammation of vocal folds

A

Hoarseness

46
Q

Inflammation of vocal folds where they no longer vibrate

A

Laryngitis

Neuroendocrine (47 decks)

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