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Neuroendocrine > Auditory Pathways > Flashcards

Auditory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Auditory information is received by what nerve?

A

Cochlear nerve

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2
Q

Where does the cochlear nerve enter the brainstem?

A

Cerebellopontine angle

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3
Q

Once the cochlear nerve fibers enter the brain stem at the cerebellopontine angle, what happens?

A

Splits into ascending and descending bundles

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4
Q

Where does the ascending bundle synapse?

A

Anterior portion of the anterior cochlear nucleus

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5
Q

Where does the descending bundle synapse?

A

Posterior portion of the anterior cochlear nucleus AND

Posterior portion of the posterior cochlear nucleus

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6
Q

What information does the monaural tracts respond to?

A

Information about sounds at a SINGLE ear

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7
Q

Does the monaural tract stay ipsilateral or go contralateral?

A

Routes to the contralateral side

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8
Q

How does information in the monaural tract cross midline to target contralateral side?

A

Via the posterior acoustic stria

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9
Q

Describe the monaural tract

A
  • Fibers from posterior cochlear nucleus ascend
  • Cross midline via posterior acoustic stria
  • Ascend via lateral lemniscus
  • Synapse at inferior colliculus
  • Synapse at medial geniculate nucleus
  • Target primary auditory cortex
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10
Q

What nucleus does the monaural tract start at?

A

Posterior cochlear nucleus

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11
Q

What information does the binaural tracts respond to?

A

Manages information about differences between sounds at BOTH ears

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12
Q

What nucleus does the binaural tract start at?

A

Anterior cochlear nucleus

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13
Q

Fibers from the anterior cochlear nucleus ascend to where in the binaural tract?

A

Ipsilateral superior olivary complex AND

Contralateral superior olivary complex

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14
Q

How do fibers from the anterior cochlear nucleus ascend to the contralateral superior olivary complex?

A

Trapezoid body

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15
Q

What are the divisions of the superior olivary complex?

A

Medial superior olivary nucleus AND

Lateral superior olivary nucleus

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16
Q

The medial superior olivary nucleus transmits?

A

Time

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17
Q

The lateral superior olivary nucleus transmits?

A

Intensity

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18
Q

From the superior olivary complex, where do fibers ascend?

A

Lateral lemniscus

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19
Q

What are the divisions of the lateral lemniscus?

A

Central nucleus of lateral lemniscus AND

Posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus

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20
Q

Where does the central nucleus of the lateral lemniscus send information?

A

To the inferior colliculus

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21
Q

Where does the posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus send information?

A

To the contralateral inferior colliculus

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22
Q

How does the posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus send information to the contralateral inferior colliculus?

A

Via the posterior tegmental commissure

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23
Q

Once at the inferior colliculus for the binaural pathway, where are fibers sent?

A

Medial geniculate nucleus and then on to the primary auditory cortex

24
Q

The posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus receivers fibers from where?

A

Lateral superior olivary nucleus

25
Q

Describe the binaural pathway

A
  • Fibers from the anterior cochlear nucleus ascend to the ipsilateral and contralateral (via trapezoid body) superior olivary complex
  • The superior olivary complex has a medial and lateral superior olivary nucleus
  • Medial superior olivary nucleus relays time
  • Lateral superior olivary nucleus relays intensity to posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus
    • Fibers ascend to lateral lemniscus divisions (central nucleus and posterior nucleus)
  • Fibers are sent to the ipsilateral inferior colliculus by the central nucleus of lateral lemniscus
  • Fibers are sent to the contralateral inferior colliculus by the posterior nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (via posterior tegmental commissure)
  • Fibers synapse at MGN and primary auditory cortex
26
Q

Blood supply to cochlea and auditory nuclei

A

Basilar

27
Q

Blood supply to inner ear and cochlear nuclei

A

AICA/labyrinthine A.

28
Q

Occlusion of AICA/labyrinthine A?

A

Monaural hearing loss, ipsilateral facial paralysis and inability to have horizontal gaze towards affected side

29
Q

Blood supply to superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus?

A

Short circumferential of basilar

30
Q

Blood supply to inferior colliculus?

A

Superior cerebellar A.

31
Q

Blood supply to Medial Geniculate Nucleus?

A

Thalamogeniculate A.s

32
Q

Blood supply to Primary Auditory cortex?

A

M2 of MCA

33
Q

The hemisphere that controls language is known as the ______ hemisphere

A

Dominant

34
Q

What is normally the dominant hemisphere?

A

Left

35
Q

Broca’s area

A

Production of language

36
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Comprehension of language

37
Q

Connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

A

Arcuate fasciculus

38
Q

What does the arcuate fasciculus allow us to do?

A

Speak, understand others and then respond appropriately

39
Q

What is the normally non-dominant hemisphere?

A

Right

40
Q

What is the right hemisphere responsible for?

A

NON-verbal communication

41
Q

Prosody

A

Tone, stress, rhythm of speech (i.e. how to sound sarcastic and mad etc.)

42
Q

What is in the right hemisphere?

A

Area analogous to Broca’s and Area analogous to Wernicke’s

43
Q

Area analogous to Broca’s

A

Produces one’s own prosody of speech

44
Q

Lesion to area analogous to Broca’s?

A

Motor aprosodia

45
Q

Area analogous to Wernicke’s

A

Comprehends non-verbal communication

46
Q

Lesion of area analogous to Wernicke’s?

A

Sensory aprosodia

47
Q

When someone can perceive the sound but can NOT describe it

A

Auditory Agnosia

48
Q

What causes auditory agnosia?

A

Bilateral lesions to anterior superior temporal lobes

49
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Patients have trouble producing speech, but can still comprehend everything, NO repetition
- Occlusion of M4 frontal MCA

50
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Patients can NOT comprehend language, talk endlessly with no meaning, NO repetition
- Occlusion of M4 temporal and parietal MCA

51
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Damage to both Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas = loss of language completely
- Occlusion of left ICA

52
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A

Interruptions of arcuate fasciculus

- Comprehension and speech production are intact but difficulty producing appropriate replies

53
Q

Transcortical motor

A

Similar to Broca’s but repetition IS maintained

- Anterior watershed infarct

54
Q

Transcortical sensory

A

Similar to Wernicke’s but repetition IS maintained

- Posterior watershed infarct

55
Q

Mixed transcortical

A

Similar to global aphasia but has some comprehension and motor production
- Repetition IS maintained

Neuroendocrine (47 decks)

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