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Neuroendocrine > EAA and Monoamines > Flashcards

EAA and Monoamines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the excitatory amino acids?

A

Glutamate and Aspartate

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2
Q

Main function of excitatory amino acids?

A

Excitatory actions all over the brain

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3
Q

What is an ionotropic receptor?

A

A channel that once activated will allow ions through

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4
Q

What is a metabotropic receptor (serpentine)?

A

A G protein coupled receptor

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5
Q

What are the ionotropic receptors for EAA?

A

NMDA, AMPA, Kainate

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6
Q

Which ionotropic receptor for EAA is voltage and ligand gated?

A

NMDA

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7
Q

What is allowed into the post-synaptic cell from NMDA?

A

Calcium

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8
Q

What is allowed into the post-synaptic cell from AMPA?

A

Sodium

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9
Q

What is allowed into the post-synaptic cell from Kainate?

A

Sodium and small amounts of calcium

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10
Q

What molecules are needed to either bind or leave the NMDA receptor in order to open it?

A

EAA (NMDA, glutamate, aspartate), GLYCINE, and then MAGNESIUM is required to leave and unblock!

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11
Q

What does magnesium need in order to leave and unblock the NMDA receptor?

A

Cell depolarization

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12
Q

How does a post-synaptic cell with an NMDA receptor get depolarized?

A

It will have either an AMPA or Kainate receptor activated allowing sodium to enter the cell and depolarize it

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13
Q

What are the metabotropic receptors for EAA?

A

Group 1 = Gq = increases IP3 and DAG

Groups 2 and 3 = Gi = decreased CAMP

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14
Q

How do you limit the amount of EAA that is available?

A

Nearby glial cell will uptake it along with ATP and convert it back to glutamine

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15
Q

Describe how nitric oxide is created from an NMDA receptor opening?

A

Calcium enters and binds to calcineurin
Calcineurin activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
NOS takes arginine to NO and citruline

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16
Q

Cons of nitric oxide?

A

Produces free radicals that kills neurons!

17
Q

What are the monoamines?

A

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine

18
Q

What are the metabotropic receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

alpha and beta adrenergic

19
Q

What is the process of making dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine?

A 
Tyrosine (using tyrosine hydroxylase)
L Dopa
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
20
Q

How do you limit actions for epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine?

A

Reuptake and degradation by MAO or COMT

21
Q

How do you limit actions for histamine?

A

Reuptake and degradation by DAO or COMT

22
Q

What puts dopamine/epinephrine into vesicles?

A

VMAT 1 and VMAT 2

23
Q

What stops VMAT1 and VMAT2 from putting dopamine/epinephrine into vesicles?

A

Reserpine

24
Q

Where will you find norepinephrine?

A

Locus ceruleus

25
Q

Where will you find epinephrine?

A

Medulla

26
Q

Where are some places that dopamine is located?

A

Basal ganglia, limbic system, hypothalamus, cortex

27
Q

What are the metabotropic receptors for dopamine?

A

D1 and D5 = increase CAMP

D2, D3, D4 = decrease CAMP

28
Q

Where is serotonin located?

A

Brainstem raphe nuclei, hypothalamus and cerebellum

29
Q

What is serotonin made from?

A

Tryptophan

30
Q

What are the receptors for serotonin?

A 
ionotropic = 5HT3
metabotropic = 5HT1, 2, 4, 5, 6,
31
Q

Where will you find the ionotropic serotonin receptor (5HT3)?

A

Area postrema

32
Q

What does the 5HT6 serotonin receptor do?

A

Anti-depressent effect

33
Q

Where is histamine located?

A

Tuberomammillary nucleus of hypothalamus

34
Q

What monoamines contribute to wakefulness?

A

Norepinephrine and histamine

35
Q

What is histamine derived from?

A

Histadine

36
Q

What are the metabotropic receptors for histadine?

A

H1, H2, H3

Neuroendocrine (47 decks)

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