Oral Cavity Flashcards
Dense CT that surrounds the necks of teeth and alveolar processes
Gingivae
Forms roof of mouth and separates nasal and oral cavities
Hard palate
Skeletal muscles that forms posterior 1/3 roof of mouth and has uvula hanging from it; closes off nasopharynx
Soft palate
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Detects antigens in swallowed food and drink and may initiate immune response
Tonsils
Space between cheek and gums where food and saliva mix
Vestibule
Assists soft palate in closing entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing
Uvula
Opening that leads to pharynx
Fauces
Muscular folds bounding fauces and palatine tonsils
Glossopalatine arch and pharyngopalatine arch
What is covered in keratinized stratified squamous epithelia?
Tongue and lips – rest seems to be nonkeratinized
Bolus
Globular mass of partially digested food
What attaches the tongue to the oral cavity floor?
Lingual frenulum
Where are the parotid glands?
Anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlaying massater muscle
Where does the parotid duct take saliva?
To oral vestibule at level of 2nd upper molar
For being the largest salivatory gland, how much saliva does the parotid gland produce?
25-30%
Where are the submandibular glands?
Inferior to body of mandible
Where does the submandibular ducts take the saliva?
Floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum
How much saliva does the submandibular glands produce?
60-70%
Where are the sublingual glands?
Inferior to tongue and ducts posterior to submandibular ducts
How much saliva does the sublingual glands create?
3-5%
What are some functions of saliva?
Dissolves food molecules so taste receptors can be stimlulated, helps moisten and create bolus, moistens and cleanses oral cavity and contains antibodies
What are teeth collectively called?
Dentition
What joint is created in the tooth?
Gomphosis joint
What are the main parts of the tooth from top to bottom?
Crown, neck, root
How many teeth does an infant grow?
20 deciduous teeth/milk teeth
How many teeth will the adult replace the deciduous teeth with?
32
3rd molars are often called what?
Wisdom teeth - not usually room for them
What cranial nerves supply tongue muscles?
CN X and mostly CN XII
What cranial nerves supply sensation to the tongue?
CN V3 - lingual nerve
CN VII - Chorda tympani
CN IX
CN X - internal laryngeal nerve
What cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland?
CN IX
What nerve carries pre-synaptic fibers to the parotid gland and what ganglion do the fibers synapse to?
Lesser petrosal nerve - otic ganglion
What nerve carries post-synaptic fibers to the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
What cranial nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands?
CN VII
What nerve carries pre-synaptic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands and what ganglion do the fibers synapse to?
Chorda Tympani - Submandibular ganglion
What cranial nerve innervates the lacrimal glands?
CN VII
What nerve carries pre-synaptic fibers to the lacrimal gland and what ganglion do the fibers synapse to?
Greater petrosal nerve - pterygopalatine ganglion
What nerve carries post-synaptic fibers to the lacrimal gland?
Zygomatic (V2) - uses a communicating branch to reach lacrimal nerve of V1 to innervate lacrimal gland
What are the muscles that constrict the pharynx/pharyngeal wall?
Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Origin, insertion, innervation of superior pharyngeal constrictor?
O: Pterygoid hamulus, posterior aspect of mylohyoid line and lateral side of tongue
I: Pharyngeal tubercle
IN: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CNX)
Origin, insertion, innervation of middle pharyngeal constrictor?
O: Stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone
I: Pharyngeal raphe
IN: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve and recurrent branch of laryngeal nerve
Origin, insertion, innervation of inferior pharyngeal constrictor?
O: Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
I: pharyngeal raphe
IN: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve and recurrent branch of laryngeal nerve
Actions of superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors?
Constrict pharyngeal wall
What are the palate muscles?
Tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of tensor veli palatini
O: Spine of sphenoid bone and cartilage of auditory tube
I: Palatine aponeuroses
IN: Medial Pterygoid N (V3)
Action: tense soft palate
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of levator veli palatini
O: Cartilage of auditory tube and temporal bone
I: Palatine aponeuroses
IN: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
Action: elevate soft palate
What can result if either or both tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini are paralyzed?
Reflux of oral cavity contents into the nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction
What are the muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx?
Palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngues
Insertion of the muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx?
Thyroid cartilage and lateral pharynx and esophagus
Origin and innervation of palatopharyngeus
O: hard palate and palatine aponeuroses
IN: pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
Origin and innervation of salpingopharyngeus
O: cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
IN: Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve
Origin and innervation of stylopharyngues
O: styloid process
IN: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL N.
What are the extrinsic tongue muscles?
Palatoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus
Which tongue muscle is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus - vagus pharyngeal branch
Action of palatoglossus?
Elevate posterior tongue and draw soft palate toward tongue
Action of styloglossus?
Retract and elevate tongue
Action of genioglossus?
Depress and protrude tongue
Action of hyoglossus?
Retract and depress tongue
Stage 1 of swallowing and is it voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
Bolus pushed from mouth to oropharynx by muscles of tongue and soft palate
Stage 2 and 3 of swallowing are voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary!
Stage 2 of swallowing
Soft palate seals off nasopharynx
Suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles shorten and widen pharynx to receive food and larynx is elevated
Stage 3 of swallowing
Sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictors to force food into esophagus
What innervates the nasopharynx?
CN V2
What innervates the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
Sensory innervation from CN IX and X from the pharyngeal plexus
