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Parasitology > Trematodes (characs) > Flashcards

Trematodes (characs) Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes belong to what phylum?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

Trematodes belong to what class what?

A

Class Trematoda

or Digenea

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3
Q

Based on reproduction processes, what are the two types of trematodes?

reproduction process = self-fertilizing or nah

xori, can’t term it ryt ehehehe

A
  • Monoecious (or hermaphroditic)
  • Dioecious

Mono = self-fertilizing
Dio = 1 male 1 female to reproduce

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4
Q

Among the species of trematodes, which of the species are dioecious?

A

Schistosoma spp

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5
Q

Most trematodes are described as ____ and ____ symmetrical, but they vary considerably in form.

shape & type of symmetry?

A

leaf-shaped; bilaterally symmetrical

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6
Q

The majority of the trematodes are leaf-shaped and bilaterally symmetrical, which of the species is not defined/described this way?

A

Schistosoma spp

cylindrical si Schistosoma

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7
Q

If nematodes are roundworms, cestodes are tapeworms, trematodes are called what?

A

Flukes

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8
Q

The largest trematode parasitizing humans would be?

A

Fasciolopsis buski

75m length; 20mm width

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9
Q

The smallest trematode parasitic to humans would be?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

under 2mm length; 0.5mm width

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10
Q

The body of a trematode is covered with a resistant cuticle which may be ____ or ____.

characs of cuticle?

A

smooth or spiny

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11
Q

How many suckers do trematodes possess?

A

two

except for Heterophyes heterophyes

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12
Q

What sucker is found on the anterior portion surrounding the mouth and is mainly for nutrition?

A

Oral sucker

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13
Q

What sucker is found on the mouth posterior to the oral sucker and is used for attachment?

A

Ventral sucker

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14
Q

Ventral sucker is also called as what?

A

Acetabulum

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15
Q

Majority of the trematodes have two suckers except for Heterophyes, which has three; what do u call the sucker used for copulation?

A

Genital sucker

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16
Q

The genital sucker of Heterophyes heterophyes is also known as?

A

Gonotyl

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17
Q

Trematodes have the oralcavity that leads to a muscular ____, from which the intestine branches to form the two intestinal ceca which run parallel to each other.

A

esophagus

wow dalawa cecum galing

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18
Q

Do trematodes have a nervous system present?

A

Yeah

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19
Q

Trematodes do not have a special respiratory system but if they need oxygen, it must be taken up through the what?

most are aerobic while some live anaerobically

A

Tegument

tegument = outer surface ng body

the average trematode uses its body surface (tegument) as a means for absorbing and releasing essential nutrients and waste products: solenocytes (from Zeibig)

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20
Q

Most of the rest of the body is taken up with organs of the ____ system.

A

reproductive

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21
Q

What do you call the series of glandular structures that are usually in two masses lying lateral to the intestinal ceca that produce the shell material?

A

Vitellaria

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22
Q

What ducts lead inward to the region of the ovary where the shell is formed over the ovum?

A

Vitelline ducts

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23
Q

The uterus is the largest organ in the body of a trematode and is filled with what?

A

eggs

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24
Q

Do all trematodes have well-developed reproductive organs?

weh sure k ba

A

yes

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25
Q

Are trematodes segmented?

A

No

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26
Q

Do trematodes have a circulatory system?

A

No

no skeletal & respi systems too

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27
Q

The nervous system of trematodes is basic/rudimentary. Its system is composed of ____ cells that is found anteriorly.

A

Ganglion cells

28
Q

Trematodes have a bilaterally symmetrical excretory system with collecting tubules and capillaries that terminate in flame cells which is otherwise known as?

A

solenocytes

Their excretory system consists of solenocytes and they function like kidneys

29
Q

The digestive system of trematodes is composed of a/an ____ alimentary canal wherein excrete is diffused since it is w/o an anus.

complete or incomplete

A

incomplete

30
Q

Adult worms of trematodes lay two types of eggs: mature and immature. Which of the species lay mature eggs?

A
  • Dicrocoelium
  • Eurytrema
  • Schistosoma
  • Clonorchis
  • Heterophyes
  • Opisthorchis

DESAldehyde (kasi DES+CHO hehehehe)

31
Q

Adult worms of trematodes lay two types of eggs: mature and immature. Which of the species lay immature eggs?

A
  • Paragonimus
  • Echinostoma
  • Fasciolopsis
  • Fasciola

PEFF (steak)

32
Q

Trematode eggs are generally colored what?

A

yellow-brown or brown

33
Q

Trematodes have a lid at one end and this is where the miracidium emerges. What do you call this lid?

A

operculum

34
Q

All eggs have an operculum except for what trematode species?

A

Schistosoma spp.

35
Q

The miracidium is covered with hairy structures called ____ and this paves the way for its motility in water.

A

cilia

36
Q

The shell may be smoothly continous in outline, or there may be a slight flare, marking the line of cleavage between shell and operculum, known as the _____.

A

opercular shoulders

or shoulders lng just d same honestly

37
Q

Which of the eggs of trematodes have spines present in them?

spinated egg haha!

A
  • Clonorchis
  • Opisthorchis
  • Schistosoma

vv small spines kay clono & opis and large spines schisto

38
Q

Trematode eggs cannot be successfully concentrated by what technique?

this is because the operculated and nonoperculate forms rupture and fail to float

A

ZnSO4 flotation

zinc-sulfate technique

pero the sediments which contain the eggs are still recognizable even when ruptured

39
Q

What concentration technique produces a quite satisfactory result on finding trematode eggs?

A

Formalin-ether

FECT/FEACT

40
Q

What do you call the larva that comes out of the egg once in water or intermediate host?

A

miracidium

41
Q

Across all trematodes, what is their first intermediate host?

A

snails

or mollusks

42
Q

All trematodes have two intermediate hosts except for what spp?

A

Schistosoma spp.

43
Q

After the miracidium/egg ingestion of the first intermediate host, this becomes a saclike structure structure called what?

A

sporocyst

(Zeibig & Diagnostic Medical Parasitology)

44
Q

What do you call the first larva that will be produced inside the saclike structure in the first intermediate host?

A

redia

  • “The sporocyst is an elongated sac, without distinct internal structures, in which germ balls proliferate. These germ balls develop into rediae…”
  • “Within the rediae, the germ balls again proliferate, developing into cercariae.”
45
Q

The larva that was formed inside the saclike structure will now reach its final stage called a what?

this is the stage that encysts on the 2ndary intermediate host

A

cercaria

46
Q

What do you call the larval form found in a second intermediate host or encysted on vegetation?

A

metacercariae

47
Q

Except Schistosoma spp., what is the infective stage of trematodes to man?

A

metacercaria

48
Q

What is, then, the infective stage of Schistosomes to man?

A

cercaria

49
Q

Except Schistosomes, what is the MOT of trematodes?

A

Ingestion of metacercaria in 2ndary host

50
Q

What is the MOT of Schistosomes?

A

Skin penetration

51
Q

Which of the trematodes have their oral suckers bigger/more prominent than the ventral sucker?

A

Liver flukes (except Opisthorchis)

52
Q

Which of the trematodes are liver flukes?

A
  • Fasciola (hepatica & gigantica)
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Opisthorchis (felineus & viverrini)
  • Dicrocoelium dendriticum

6

53
Q

Which of the trematodes are intestinal flukes?

A
  • Fasciolopsis buski
  • Echinostoma ilocanum
  • Artyfechinostomum malayanum
  • Heterophyes heterophyes
  • Metagonimus yokagawai
  • Gastrodiscoides hominis
54
Q

Which of the trematodes is a pancreatic fluke?

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

55
Q

Which of the trematodes is a lung fluke?

A

Paragonimus westermani

56
Q

Which species of the trematodes are regarded as blood flukes?

A

Schistosoma spp.

57
Q

Which of the flukes are regarded as the most important flukes?

A

Blood flukes

58
Q

Which of the trematodes have snails as their 2nd intermediate host?

A

Echinostomes

  • Echinostoma ilocanum
  • Artyfechinostomum malayanum
59
Q

Which of the trematodes have aquatic plants as their 2nd intermediate host?

A
  • Fasciola hepatica
  • Fasciola gigantica
  • Fasciolopsis buski
60
Q

Which of the trematodes have fishes (or freshwater fishes) as their 2nd intermediate host?

A
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Opisthorchis spp
  • Heterophyids

  • O. viverrini & O. felineus
  • H. heterophyes & M. yokogawai
61
Q

Which of the trematodes have ants as their 2nd intermediate host?

A
  • Dicrocoelium dendriticum
  • Eurytrema pancreaticum

mga ticum ants ‘yan

62
Q

Which of the trematodes have crustaceans as their 2nd intermediate host?

A

Paragonimus westermani

63
Q

Which of the trematodes have their ventral suckers larger than their oral ones?

A
  • All intestinal flukes
  • Opisthorchis spp.
64
Q

Which of the trematodes have branched testes?

A
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Fasciola spp.
  • Fasciolopsis buski
  • Paragonimus westermani

CFFP

E. pancreaticum has notched testes so that tells u that the rest have lobed testes

65
Q

Which of the trematodes have a cephalic cone?

A

Fasciola spp.

66
Q

Which of the trematodes have a branched intestinal ceca?

A
  • Fasciola spp.
  • Paragonimus westermani
  • Eurytrema pancreaticum

FPE’s Ang Probinsyano!!!

the rest have a simple intestinal ceca

67
Q

Which of the trematodes have a branched ovary?

A
  • Fasciola spp.
  • Fasciolopsis buski

E. pancreaticum has a notched ovary so that tells u that the rest have lobed ovary

Parasitology (25 decks)

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