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Parasitology > Extraintestinal Nematodes > Flashcards

Extraintestinal Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Common name of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Bancroft’s filarial worm

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2
Q

Common name of Brugia malayi

A

Malayan filarial worm

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3
Q

Intermediate host of Wuchereria bancrofti

A
  • Anopheles
  • Aedes
  • Culex
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4
Q

Habitat of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Lower lymphatics

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5
Q

Diagnostic stage of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Microfilariae in blood

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6
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti infective stage

A

L3 filiform

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7
Q

MOT of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Skin penetration

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8
Q

Intermediate host of Brugia malayi

A
  • Mansonia
  • Anopheles
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9
Q

Habitat of Brugia malayi

A

Upper lymphatics

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10
Q

Diagnostic stage of Brugia malayi

A

Microfilariae in blood

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11
Q

Brugia malayi infective stage

A

L3 filiform

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12
Q

MOT of Brugia malayi

A

Skin penetration

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13
Q

Periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Nocturnal - 10pm to 2am

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14
Q

Periodicity of Brugia malayi

A

Subperiodic

  • 12nn to 8pm
  • Markell & Voge also states n nocturnal siya (10pm to 2am)
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15
Q

Sheath affinity to Giemsa ng Brugia malayi

A

pink-colored

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16
Q

Body nuclei of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Regularly-spaced

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17
Q

Terminal nuclei of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

none

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18
Q

Appearance of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Graceful curve

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19
Q

Drug of choice for Wuchereria bancrofti

A

DIethylcarbamazine

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20
Q

Sheath affinity to Giemsa ng Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Unstained

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21
Q

Body nuclei of Brugia malayi

A

Overlapping/Irregularly-spaced

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22
Q

Terminal nuclei of Brugia malayi

A

2

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23
Q

Appearance of Brugia malayi

A

Kinky, angular

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24
Q

Drug of choice for Brugia malayi

A

DIethylcarbamazine

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25
Q

Diagnostic test for Wuchereria bancrofti

A
  • Blood smear using Giemsa (or Hematoxylin which is collected during night)
  • Knott’s conc if low # of microfilariae in blood then conc w/ 2% formalin (1ml) then get sediment then stain w/ Giemsa
  • Rapid Diagnostics
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26
Q

Diagnostic test for Brugia malayi

A
  • Blood smear using Giemsa (or Hematoxylin which is collected during night)
  • Knott’s conc if low # of microfilariae in blood then conc w/ 2% formalin (1ml) then get sediment then stain w/ Giemsa
  • Rapid Diagnostics
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27
Q

Common name of Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Trichina worm
  • Muscle worm
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28
Q

Habitat of Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Small intestine when adult
  • Striated muscle when larva
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29
Q

Final host of Trichinella spiralis

A

swine

we are dead-end hosts (accidental hosts)

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30
Q

Diagnostic and Infective stage of Trichinella spiralis

A

Encysted larva (in muscle tissue)

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31
Q

MOT of Trichinella spiralis

A

ingestion of infected raw or undercooked pork

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32
Q

Diagnostic tests for Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Muscle tissue biopsy (gastrocnemius usually)
  • Ultrasound
  • Bachmann intradermal test
  • Beck’s xenodiagnoses
  • Bentonite flocculation test
33
Q

drug of choice for Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Albendazole
  • Mebendazole
  • Prednisone (Corticosteroids)

removal of whole muscle :oo

34
Q

What Brugia that has a cephalic space of 3:1 and body nuclei that extends up to the tip of the tail?

A

Brugia timori

35
Q

Periodicity of Brugia timori

A

Nocturnal

10pm to 2am or 4am

36
Q

Common name of Loa loa

A

African eye worm

or eye worm

37
Q

Intermediate host of Loa loa

A

Chrysops

Mango fly

38
Q

Habitat of Loa loa

A

Subcutaneous tissue

and deeper connective tissues

39
Q

Periodicity of Loa loa

A

Diurnal

during the day

40
Q

What do you call the localized subcutaneous edema as an indicative of Loaiasis?

allergic rxn indicative of Loa loa

A

Calabar swellings

also called fugitive swelling

41
Q

In what filariae can u observe edema of conjunctivitis and eyelids?

+++ progressive keratitis

A

Loa loa

42
Q

Treatment proposals for Loa loa

A
  • Diethylcarbamazine
  • Ivermectin
  • Surgical removal of migrating adult worms
43
Q

What is the only filaria parasitizing humans that is confined to the New World?

A

Mansonella ozzardi

44
Q

Intermediate host of Mansonella ozzardi?

A

Culicoides gnats

Biting midges

45
Q

Habitat of Mansonella ozzardi

A

Mesenteries & Visceral fat

46
Q

Among the filarial worms, which are the only ones that are sheathed?

A
  • Wuchereria
  • Loa loa
  • Brugia
47
Q

True or False

Lahat ng filarial worms L3 ang infective kainis nmn

A

YES TRU N 2RU

48
Q

Common name of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Blinding filarial worm

Craw craw

49
Q

Habitat of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Subcutaneous tissue

50
Q

Vector of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Simulium spp

or blackfly

51
Q

Specimen required for Onchocerca volvulus

A

Skin Snips

52
Q

Microfilaria characteristics of Onchocerca volvulus

nuclei & if sheathed or naur

A
  • Unsheathed
  • Nuclei does not extend to tail
53
Q

Periodicity of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Non-periodic

54
Q

Periodicity of Mansonella ozzardi

A

Non-periodic

55
Q

Common name of Mansonella perstans

A

Persistent Filarial Worm

56
Q

Habitat of Mansonella perstans

A

Deep Connectie Tissue

57
Q

Periodicity of Mansonella perstans

A

Non-periodic

58
Q

Vector that transmits Mansonella perstans

A

Culicoides gnat

59
Q

Treatment for Mansonella perstans

A

Albendazole

for 10 days

Diethylcarbamazine & Ivermectin seem ineffective

60
Q

Common name of Dracunculus medinensis

A

Guinea worm, Fiery serpent of the Israelites, Medina worm, Dragon worm

61
Q

Infective stage of Dracunculus medinensis

A

larval stage in the infected copepod

62
Q

Diagnostic stage of Dracunculus medinensis

A

larva obtained from ulcer

once ulcer is formed, larva may be obtained by flooding the area w/ water

63
Q

MOT of Dracunculus medinensis

A

ingestion of infected copepods

64
Q

Treatment for Dracunculus medinensis infections?

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Thiabendazole
  • Mebendazole

  • Metro & Thia = facilitates removal of worms
  • Meben = kills the worms
65
Q

What are the filarial worms responsible for Visceral Larva Migrans

A
  • Toxocara canis
  • Toxocara cati
66
Q

Infective stage of Toxocara spp?

A

egg

ova

67
Q

MOT of Toxocara spp.?

A

ingestion of infective egg

or ova

68
Q

Diagnostic tests for Dracunculus medinensis

A
  • Laparoscopy and biopsy of liver nodules
  • Serologic tests (use of cultured 2nd-stage larva antigen)
69
Q

Common name of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Rat Lungworm

70
Q

Definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Rats

Rattus norvegicus &Rattus rattus

71
Q

Intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Mollusks/Snails

72
Q

Paratenic hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Prawn, Crab, Vegetation

73
Q

Humans are what type of hosts in Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections?

A

Accidental hosts

74
Q

Habitat of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Lungs of definitive host

75
Q

Infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis to definitive hosts?

A

L3 larva

76
Q

Infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis to snails

A

L1 larva

77
Q

MOT of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

ingestion of raw or undercooked snails, veggies, paratenic hosts, and water

paratenic hosts = prawn and crabs

78
Q

Diagnostic tests for Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A
  • CSF analysis
  • CT-scan
  • ELISA
  • PCR
79
Q

Treatment options for Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections?

A
  • Thiabendazole
  • Mebendazole

Parasitology (25 decks)

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