Cestodes (Pseudophyllidea)

Question 1

The scolex of Dibothriocephalus latus is elongate and ____-shaped.

dami possible answers

Answer 1

spoon-shaped

almond-shaped; spatula-shaped (spatulate)

Question 2

Dibothriocephalus latus is characterized by ____ longitudinal grooves called bothria.

how many?

Answer 2

two

Question 3

The mature and gravid segments of Dibothriocephalus latus are ____ than they are ____.

Answer 3

wider than long

Question 4

The gravid proglottids of Dibothriocephalus latus contain a ____-shaped uterus located in a relatively small area in the center of the segment.

Answer 4

rosette-shaped

Question 5

What is the common name of Dibothriocephalus latus?

Answer 5

Broad fish tapeworm

Question 6

Dibothriocephalus latus possesses a ____ through which its eggs are released.

Answer 6

uterine pore

Question 7

The life cycle of D. latus requires two intermediate hosts, freshwater crustaceans known as ____ (1st IH) and ____ (2nd IH)

Answer 7

copepods; freshwater fish

Question 8

The second intermediate host of Dibothriocephalus latus contains what larva?

Answer 8

plerocercoid larva

Question 9

The eggs of Dibothriocephalus latus passed in feces hatch into small ciliated ____ which swim until ingested by copepods.

Answer 9

coracidium

Question 10

In Dibothriocephalus latus, the growth and development of the ____ is completed in the first intermediate host, the copepods.

Answer 10

procercoid

Question 11

In Dibothriocephalus latus, when copepods are ingested by the second intermediate host, the larvae continues developing to a third larval stage called the ____

Answer 11

plerocercoid

coracidium is d 1st larval stage; procercoid 2nd; plerocercoid 3rd

Question 12

Both humans and a variety of fish-eating mammals may serve as ____ hosts for the Dibothriocephalus latus.

what type of hosts?

Answer 12

definitive

Question 13

Infective stage of Dibothriocephalus latus

Answer 13

Plerocercoid larva

Question 14

Once the plerocercoid larva is ingested along with the infected fish, adult worm develops in the intestinal tract which causes ____ anemia

Answer 14

pernicious anemia

or megaloblastic anemia

both r diff pero related in terms of Vit B₁₂ deficienciy or inability to absorb it

Question 15

Diagnostic stages of Dibothriocephalus latus

Answer 15

• Eggs
• Proglottids

• ## In formalin-preserved segments, the central elevation (umbok) marks the site of the egg-filled uterus.

Question 16

MOT of Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 16

Ingestion of uncooked fish w/ plerocercoid larva

Question 17

Diagnosis of Dibothriocephalus latus

Answer 17

• DFS
• FECT
• Kato-Katz
• PCR

Question 18

The eggs of Dibothriocephalus latus may be morphologically similar with what parasite?

Answer 18

Paragonimus westermani

w/ abopercular knob but mas prominent lang operculum ni Paragonimus westermani and iba rin specimen of choice

Question 19

The eggs of Dibothriocephalus latus differ from the cestodes in that they are not comprised of the typical hexacanth embryo. Rather, the egg consists of a ciliated larval stage known as a ____.

Answer 19

coracidium

from zeibig

Question 20

Dibothriocephalus ____ is a natural parasite of seals and is acquired from eating ceviche.

ceviche = fish marinated in lime juice; in coastal areas of peru & other latin americans

Answer 20

Dibothriocephalus pacificum

Question 21

Diphyllobothrium ____ is the common tapeworm acquired by the consumption of raw fish in Japan.

Answer 21

Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiense

Question 22

Drug of choice for dibothriocephaliasis

Answer 22

Praziquantel

Niclosamide is effective too but may cause cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

Question 23

True or False

Carnivorous fishes may eat freshwater fishes with plerocercoid larva and become definitive hosts.

Answer 23

False

they will become paratenic hosts and not definitive

Question 24

What do you call the infection of humans by plerocercoid larva of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms belonging to the genus Spirometra?

kumbaga, family Diphyllobothrium & genus Spirometra (mas malaki kasi fam kesa genus, then sunod species)

Answer 24

Sparganosis

Question 25

The larva belonging to the genus Spirometra is often called as?

kumbaga, family Diphyllobothrium & genus Spirometra (mas malaki kasi fam kesa genus, then sunod species)

Answer 25

Sparganum

plerocercoid equivalent

Question 26

Some Dibothriocephalus tapeworms have their pathologies associated with their larval forms and this is a characteristic of worms belonging to what genus?

Answer 26

Spirometra

Question 27

What animals serve as the definitive host of the genus Spirometra?

Answer 27

Dogs and Cats

Question 28

Humans are what type of hosts in sparganosis?

Answer 28

paratenic hosts

or transport or 2nd intermediate

Question 29

What is the infective stage of the genus Spirometra to humans?

Answer 29

Procercoid

Question 30

What is the infective stage of the genus Spirometra to cats and dogs?

Answer 30

Plerocercoid

since sila definitive hosts (or sparganum since plero equivalent cla sa genus na ‘to (or sa man lang sparganum idk))

Question 31

MOT of Spirometra in man?

Answer 31

drinking water containing copepods infected with procercoid

consumption of snakes or tadpoles (for medical reasons) infected w/ plerocercoid

Question 32

Diagnosis for sparganosis

Answer 32

surgical removal of the worm/s

or demonstration of a painful migratory subcutaneous nodule

Question 33

____ sparganosis produces an especially intense reaction, with periorbital edema. Corneal ulcers may also develop,

Answer 33

Ocular sparganosis

Question 34

____ sparganosis is characterized by seizures, paresthesias, hemiparesis, and similar CNS symptoms.

Answer 34

Cerebral sparganosis

Question 35

Drug of choice for sparganosis?

Answer 35

Praziquantel