Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

what are parasites?

A

organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism

dependence of one living organism on another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do you call the living together of unlike organisms?

A

Symbiosis

may also involve protection or other advantages to one or both organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A type of symbiotic relationship wherein two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship w/o harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism

association between 2 orgnsms; one benefits & has a neut effect sa isa

Ex: Entamoeba coli in the intestinal lumen are supplied with nourishment and are protected from harm while it doesn’t cause any dmg to tissue of host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A type of symbiotic reationship wherein two organisms mutually benefit from each other

A

Mutualism

Ex: Termites’ digestive system is composed of flagellates which synthesize cellulase to aid in the breakdown of ingested wood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A symbiotic relationship wherein one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism

Association of 2 diff species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense

A

Parasitism

Ex: Entamoeba hystolytica derives nutrition from the human host and causes amebic dysentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A parasite living inside the body of a host is known as an?

A

endoparasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A parasite living outside of the body of a host is known as an?

A

ectoparasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presence of an endoparasite in a host is called?

A

infection

Parasite sa loob ng katawan = infection; by endoparasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Presence of an ectoparasite in a host?

A

infestation

Parasite sa labas ng katawan = infestation; by ectoparasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do you call parasites that are found in an organ which is not its usual habitat?

A

Erratic parasites

Ex: Entamoeba hystolytica is a good example of erratic parasites & is found sa GI tract where they cause amoebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you call the parasites that cannot survive outside of a host?

they need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development a nd to propagate their species

A

obligate parasites

Ex: Tapeworms depend entirely upon their host for existence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do you call parasites that is capable of existing independently of a host?

may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

facultative parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you call a parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live?

A

accidental or incidental parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A ____ parasite is a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract w/o infecting the host.

A

spurious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type of parasite that produces eggs/ova

A

Oviparous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type of parasite that produces larva

A

Viviparous or Larviparous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type of host in which the parasite attains sexual maturity

A

Definitive or Final host

  • Also known as primary host; sexual production of the parasite occurs here
  • Formation of the zygote occurs here
  • Ex: Definitive host of Plasmodium is the female Anopheles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type of host that harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate host

  • Also called secondary host
  • Asexual reproducion of the parasite occurs here
  • Sexual differentiation of the parasite occurs here
  • Intermediate host of the Plasmodium is human
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A type of host in which the parasite does not develop further to later stages

harbors the parasite in an underdeveloped or arrested state of devlpment

the parasite remains alive & is able to infect another susceptible host

A

paratenic host

Paragonimus metacercaria in raw wild boar meat can pass through the intestinal wall of humans and complete its development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

type of host that can allow the continuation of the life cycle and become additional sources of human infection

(always animals)

A

reservoir host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

type of host that harbor a particular pathogen w/o manifesting any signs and symptoms

A

carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do you call the ones responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another?

A

Vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A type of vector wherein this transmits the parasite only after the parasite has completed its development within the host

A

biologic vector

When an Aedes mosquito sucks blood from a patient with filariasis, the parasite undergoes several stages of development from first stage larva to third stage larva before the latter (infective stage) is transmitted to another susceptible host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

this type of vector transports the parasite without development of the parasitic cycle

A

Mechanical/Phoretic vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do you call the process of inoculating an infective agent?

inoculate = to introduce a microorganism into :pp xori copy paste s book

A

Exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do you call the establishment of the infective agent (parasite) in the host?

A

Infection

27
Q

What do you call the period between the infection and the evidence of symptoms?

A

Incubation period

sometimes referred to as Clinical Incubation Period

28
Q

What do you call the period between the infection/acquisition of the parasite and the evidence or demonstration of infection?

A

Pre-patent period

sometimes referred to as Biologic Incubation Period

period between infection and actual diagnosis using lab tests

29
Q

____ results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection

A

Autoinfection

30
Q

____ happens when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite

A

Superinfection or hyperinfection

or Coinfection

UNHOLY TRINITY - HAT
- H - hookworm
- A - ascaris
- T - Trichuris

31
Q

Identify the source of exposure

require further development in the soil before they become infective

A

STH (Soil-Transmitted Helminths)

32
Q

Identify the source of exposure

require further development within the body of a snail which serves as their intermediate host before they can become infective

A

Snail-Transmitted Group

33
Q

Identify the source of exposure

where species of insects act as vectors of parasitic diseases such as mosquitoes, sand fly, and tsetse fly

A

Arthropod-Transmitted Group

34
Q

Identify the source of exposure

require further development in the flesh of some animals that man can consume

A

Animal/Food-Transmitted Group

35
Q

Identify the source of exposure

Person to person transmission wherein the parasites require no further development and are readily infective

A

Contact-Transmitted Group

36
Q

Identify the source of exposure

the infected person is his own source of re-exposure

A

One’s self (autoinfection)

may be external autoinfection (Taenia solium, Hymenolepis nana, and Cryptosporidium parvum) or internal autoinfection (Strongyloides stercoralis, Capillaria philippinensis)

37
Q

type of distribution of disease (epidemiology) wherein a disease in human population maintains a relatively steady, moderate level

A

Endemic

normal lng lol

38
Q

distribution of disease (epidemiology) wherein there is a sharp rise in the incidence or an outbreak of considerable intensity occurs

biglaang pagtaas

A

Epidemic

39
Q

distribution of disease wherein the prevalence of a disease in a community is high

A

hyperendemic

40
Q

distribution of a disease if it appears only occasionally in one or at most few members of a community

A

sporadic

41
Q

distribution of a disease if it covers an extensive area of the world

A

pandemic

42
Q

Enumerate the 5 modes of entry

A
  1. Skin penetration
  2. Congenital/Vertical Transmission
  3. Inhalation
  4. Ingestion
  5. Sexual or Venereal Route
43
Q

method of diagnosis that is based on the recognition of the characteristic signs and symptoms of the infection of disease

A

Clinical Diagnosis

44
Q

method of diagnosis that is based on the identification of the parasites in different specimens

A

Laboratory Diagnosis

45
Q

Which among the fllowing is an example of a blood fluke?
a. Ascaris
b. Schistosoma
c. Toxoplasma
d. Entamoeba

A

b. Schistosoma

46
Q

A parasite that can live independently of a host and can survive in its absence.
a. Erratic
b. Obligate
c. Intermittent
d. Facultative

A

d. Facultative

47
Q

In malarial parasite, human acts as ____
a. Definitive host
b. Reservoir host
c. Intermediate host
d. Paratenic host

A

c. Intermediate host

48
Q

This refers to the rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition.
a. Incidence
b. Prevalence
c. Mortality
d. Morbidity

A

a. Incidence

Incidence is new ones while prevalence existing n mga may sakit na

49
Q

defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts

A

Erradication

or disease erradication

50
Q

a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts

A

elimination

or disease elimination

51
Q

Identify the Phylum

Amoeba, Flagellates, Hemoflagellates

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

or Phylum Amoebazoa & Phylum Metamonada

52
Q

Identify the Phylum

Ciliates

A

Phylum Ciliophora

53
Q

Identify the Phylum

Plasmodium, Babesia, Intestinal Coccidians, Tissue Coccidians

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

54
Q

scientific term for roundworms

A

nematodes

55
Q

scientific term for tapeworms

A

cestodes

56
Q

scientific term for flukes

A

trematodes

57
Q

How is Necator americanus transmitted?

A

Soil

part of STH (HATS)

58
Q

How is Ancylostoma duodenale transmitted?

A

Soil

STH

59
Q

How is Ascardis lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, & Strongyloides stercoralis transmitted?

A

Soil

basta HATS lmao sth soil-TRANSMITTED

60
Q

How r d Plasmodium spp transmitted?

A

Vector Borne

61
Q

Two types of life cycles

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
62
Q

Life cycle that involves only the parasite and the definitive or final host

walang intermediate host

A

Direct life cycle

63
Q

Life cycle that has an intermediate host

A

Indirect life cycle

Ex: Plasmodium

Life cycle more complicated = lesser chances for parasite to survive

64
Q
A

Parasitology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions