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Parasitology > Liver flukes > Flashcards

Liver flukes Flashcards

1
Q

Among the liver flukes, which of them are relatively elongate and narrow-bodied worms that tend to localize in the smaller, more distal parts of the biliary tree?

3 cla (technically apat)

A
  • Clonorchis
  • Opisthorchis
  • Dicrocoelium

Only in heavy infections are these worms found in the common bile duct or gallbladder.

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2
Q

Among the liver flukes, which of them are larger and more rounded worms that tend to localize in the larger, more proximal parts of the biliary tree?

A

Fasciola spp.

Although Dicrocoelium dendriticum may be known as Fasciola dendriticum, sabi ni boss markell sa mas maliliit daw na biliary passage si Dicrocoelium eh

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3
Q

Which of the liver flukes are similar in the location of their vitellaria positioned in the middle third of the body, same level w/ its uterus?

A
  • C. sinensis
  • Opisthorchis spp.

only difference ay testes (shape & morphology)

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4
Q

Among the liver flukes that have the same location of vitellaria, which of the two has a highly branched, arranged in tandem testes that is located posteriorly?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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5
Q

Among the liver flukes that have the same location of vitellaria, which of the two has a lobate, arranged obliquely testes that is located posteriorly?

A

Opisthorchis spp.

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6
Q

Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus have testes that are lobate and arranged obliquely. However, which among the two have more deeply lobulated testes positioned close to each other?

A

Opisthorchis viverrini

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7
Q

The eggs of Opisthorchis spp. are similar in appearance w/ what spp.?

2 cla

A
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Heterophyids

Heterophyids = Heterophyes heterophyes and Metagonimus yokogawai

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8
Q

What is the common name of Clonorchis sinensis?

A
  • Chinese liver fluke
  • Oriental liver fluke
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9
Q

The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis have a distinct ____ operculum

convex or concave?

concave = paloob curve; convex = palabas

A

convex

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10
Q

The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis may resemble Heterophyes and Metagonimus but may have a small ____-shaped process at the abopercular end.

A

comma-shaped

tbh, same w/ Opisthorchis na may small protuberance sa abopercular end.

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11
Q

The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis have been described to have the appearance of what?

A

old-fashioned lightbulb

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12
Q

First Intermediate Hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

A
  • Parafossarulus
  • Bulinus
  • Thiara
  • Alocinma
  • Melanoides
  • Semisulcospira

PBTAMS

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13
Q

Second Intermediate Hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

A
  • Cyprinidae
  • freshwater shrimp

basta freshwater fish

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14
Q

Diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis is by the recovery of eggs via what samples?

Kumbaga, what r the samples preferred for diagnosis?

A
  • Stool
  • Duodenal aspirate
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15
Q

The acute phase of clonorchiasis lasts for at least ____ and may be characterized by fever, diarrhea, epigastric pain, and sometimes jaundice

A

a month

eggs also appear in the feces abt a month after infection

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16
Q

The gallbladder may be inflamed and the formation of gallstones may manifest upon worm invasion. What do you call these two conditions?

or disease

A
  • Cholecystitis
  • Cholelithiasis
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17
Q

What do you call the inflammation of the bile duct system that manifests upon the invasion of the biliary passages by the liver flukes?

A

Cholangitis

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18
Q

Carcinomas, such as adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, are commonly attributed to what liver fluke?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

19
Q

Drug of choice for cholonorchiasis

A

Praziquantel

20
Q

What is the common name of Opisthorchis felineus?

A

cat liver fluke

felineus = feline = cats

parasitizes cats; but, seen in humans too (same pathology w/ Clonorchis sinensis

21
Q

The eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini are ____ than those of Clonorchis sinensis. Otherwise, they are indistinguishable.

narrower or wider

A

narrower

thus, operculated and may thickened abopercular end (similar also to heterophyids)

22
Q

First Intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis spp.?

22
Q

Second Intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis spp.?

A
  • Cyprinidae
  • Cobitidae
23
Q

What is the common name of Opisthorchis viverrini?

A
  • Southeast Asian liver fluke
  • Siberian liver fluke
24
Q

Drug of choice for Opisthorchis spp.?

A

Praziquantel

25
Q

What is known as the common parasite of the biliary tree of herbivores?

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

also known as Fasciola dendriticum, Fasciola lanceolata

26
Q

What is the common name of Fasciola dendriticum?

A

Lancet fluke

Lanceolate fluke

Fasciola dendriticum = Dicrocoelium dendriticum

27
Q

The cercariae of Dicrocoelium dendriticum are liberated from the snails during rainy periods and become massed in “____” shed on vegetation which are eaten by the second intermediate host.

A

slime balls

slime balls = accumulated cercaria

28
Q

For humans to acquire dicrocoeliasis, they must ingest the secondary host which is an?

A

ant

infected ant lmao

29
Q

First Intermediate host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Cionella lubrica

30
Q

Second Intermediate host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum?

A

Formica fusca

31
Q

What is the common name of Fasciola hepatica?

A

sheep liver fluke

Temperate Liver Fluke

32
Q

What do you call the characteristic of Fasciola spp. that resembles a shoulder and is found anteriorly?

A

cephalic cone

33
Q

The eggs of Fasciola spp. is similar to the eggs of what flukes?

A
  • Fasciolopsis
  • Echinostomes
34
Q

The maturation of metacercaria into adult liver flukes in human hosts may take how many months?

A

3-4 months

35
Q

____ infections of Fasciola, in which eggs ingested during the consumption of infected liver appear in the stool.

A

Spurious

meaning it won’t infect

36
Q

Adult worms in the liver may be viewed by what?

A

ultrasonography

ultrasound (via sonogram)

37
Q

First Intermediate host of Fasciola spp.

A

Lymnaea spp.

38
Q

Second Intermediate host of Fasciola spp.

A
  • Ipomea obscura (kangkong)
  • Nasturtium officinale (watercress)
39
Q

What do you call the pharyngeal form of the disease that results from eating raw animal liver infected with Fasciola?

40
Q

Drug of choice for Fasciola spp.?

A
  • Bithionol
  • Triclabendazole
41
Q

Common name of Fasciola gigantica?

A

giant liver fluke

Tropical liver fluke

42
Q

Fasciola gigantica has a more ____ shape than Fasciola hepatica.

A

attenuated

reduced; smaller; more elongated din

Parasitology (25 decks)

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