TREATMENT OF DISORDERS 5 pt3 Flashcards
Models of Psychotherapy
* Therapies with more than one client – couples & family, group & self-help
Family therapy: views therapy views the entire family system as the client. Ex. Someone
comes in and say fix my kid: doesn’t just start with the kid. The entire interaction
between the kid and the parents is the issue; the whole system. A solution for that is to
change the whole system change the whole family. If an event happens a ripple effect
will happen throughout the whole family. Systems intervene
Group and self-help: therapy where you might have 6 people who are clients instead of just
one person. Mindfulness meditation.
Biological Treatments
A. Drug therapies:
psychopharmacology: mind drug. Study of the effective drugs on your
minds and behavior
Biological Treatments- Antipsychotics:
psychosis those who have illusion and hallucinations: breaks from
reality. Such as schizophrenia. Used primarily for people with schizophrenia. Either
first generation where they make less dopamine available for the brain or 2and gen:
locks dopamine and other stuff. Blocking dopamine shows positive results. One side
effect of first gen the risk of irreversible of muscle twitching ex hand ticks or facial
twitches. As soon as you saw that it becomes permanent. 2
nd gen where first thought
to have lower effects of twitching. New studies have found that if you monitor your
patients well, they both might be equal in effectiveness
Biological Treatments-Antianxiety medications:
also used for OCD. Benzodiazepines increases the amount
of neurotransmitters called Gaba. So, it makes more GABA available. It makes the
body calm down. They work quickly can useful an hour before speeches for ex. A
draw back is that they have the highest risk of habit potential. that is not a big
consideration in the other big three. Those who have had substance abuse may not
want to use that drug.
Biological Treatments- Antidepressants:
Work by making more/ increasing serotonin and to some degree
more epinephrine. Most prescribed are SSRI and SNRI what they do block the uptake
pumps for these chemicals. SSRI blocks pumps, reuptake pumps making more
serotonins stay in the gaps making the effective last longer. SNRI block both
epinephrine and serotonin making them both last longer. Can be used for those who
suffer from anxiety. Anti depressants may have some side effects such as increasing
anxiety symptoms.
Biological Treatments- Mood stabilizers:
reduces the intensity of a manic episode and those with bipolar
disorder. The one we have used the longest for treatment is lithium. The downside is
that it needs a lot of blood monitoring
Alternative biological treatments
1. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
We use ECT for depression or depressive phases
with people with bipolar disorder we treatment the depression part of this. Has
incredibly high effectiveness people who take it may have memory loss for about an
hour. elltric shocks
Alternative biological treatments- Transcranial magnetic stimulation:
when you rapidly a magnetic field og and off you
can induce an electric current. Put the person between two opposite magnets and you
switch them on and off. We use it for depression doesn’t have the disadvantage of the
couple hour of memory loos and people don’t need to knocked out to do this but it
doesn’t have as as much susscess rates but it is much easier
Alternative biological treatments- Deep brain stimulation:
mild electrivicty is plied to elctrodes . increasing lectrical
activity in regeio in bthe braon.
Alternative biological treatments Psychosurgery – ex: lobotomy:
instead of stimulating part of a brain here you remove
or destroy brain tissue to improve behavior in some way.
Lobotomy: Folk cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobe to your limbic system.
Giving soone this doesn’t help those who have schyxoptania but it kildd people
motivations and they don’t have much initiave it calmsdown but doesn’t help the
actual mental conditions. It was only used to manage behavior. It isn’t done anymore
since we san use the 1st and 2and gen medications.
. Evaluating Effectiveness of Treatments
A. General effectiveness of psychotherapy
* Randomized clinical trial (RCT): form of an experiment,
B. Effective & ineffective treatments ??
80% percent who don’t get treamtmey have poorer outcoes than an everage treated person.
So an average psychotherapy has a positive effect. So everage physochothrapy works.
Biological treamtemt seems far superior than psychotherapy.
Biological treamets seem far
superior than talk therapy. Cant possibly convise someone that they are having delusional
thoughts for example.
IN majot depressive diroders they have fairly equal outcomes.
Withing pshycotherpay they essentially all have the same outcomes. All different style of
phycotherapy seem to have roughly the ame outcomes. IF you have am anxiety that
focuses on a specific are such as example avoiding certain situation or fear of height,
behavoiral exposure terapys seems to be better than the other therapies. Meaning that this
might might work a little more on average we get the best results with exposre.