PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS 5 Pt2

Question 1

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 1

higher unwanted repetitive thoughts. Engaging in

some kind of ritualistic behaviors.

Question 2

. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD):

Answer 2

disorder characterized by haunting memories,
nightmares, or accidents. Tend to have insomnia, social withdrawal, and numbness of
feeling.

Question 3

Biological:

Answer 3

Some genes can influence anxiety disorders by regulating brain levels or neurotransmitters

Question 4

Biological- Amygdala:

Answer 4

When people are engaged in a challenging task ex compulsive hand washing
the brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors is often especially
hyperactive during this time. Traumatic fear learning experiences can leave tracks in
the brain, creating fear circuits within the amygdala. Creating easier inroads for more
fear experiences.

Question 5

Learning etiology (causes) ,of Anxiety Disorders, OCD, & PTSD

Answer 5

Classical conditioning: can sometimes help us understand those disorders especially PTSD.
Seeing familiar surroundings that you have a bad experience or bad association with might
trigger past negative emotions.
Operant conditioning: can relieve some negativity by taking something away. Avoidance
behavior helps relive anxiety since you are pulling away. Ex deciding not to leave the house then
you feel calmer.

Question 6

II. Depressive & Bipolar Disorders

Answer 6

Depressed mood, lost interest in pleasure in things that used to make them happy. goes on for a couple weeks.
Somatic changes (body changes): lost in appetite or increased appetite, too much sleep or too
little sleep.
Depression can also be seasonal. More likely to depressed in the winter season

Question 7

Major depressive disorder:

Answer 7

disorder in that occusrs when at least five signs of depression
last two or more weeks. Dperessed mood or lost of interest

Question 8

Bipolar disorder – manic episode

Answer 8

Bipolar happens over periods of months where people bounce from one amotional ectreme to
the other
Manic: is an episode when we have too much energy, that isn’t being channeled in many
productive ways. People who are having this episode can increased risk taking, don’t get
much sleep, and their amotions might switch up constantly in a short period of time,
usually goes on for more than a week. Poor judgment is common in this phase.
Hypo manic: period of excess energy but the amount of trouble they give into isn’t as bad it
only goes on for 3 to 4 days but not a week for example. Not as intense as manic but can
still cause a problem

Question 9

biological etiology (causes) of these disorders
1. Biological:

Answer 9

Biological: 85% heritable. Increasing serotonin levels often helps and relieves people
in depressive episodes.

Question 10

Cognitive

Answer 10

Thinking styles. Stable ‘ill never get over this. Temporary; this is hard to
take, but I will get through this.
Internal: our breakup was all my fault”. External: “it takes two to make a relationship
work and it wasn’t meant to be

Question 11

Social

Answer 11

people who have impaired social networks or are more negative than positive
tend to go through depressive disorders.

Question 12

Reasons for gender differences:

Answer 12

Women are twice as vulnerable as men to depression.
That is because women tend to overthink, increasing negative emotions disrupting
daily activities.

Question 13

Suicide

Answer 13

those who suffer from depression are more likely to be suicidal. Mental states
where you have feelings of social isolation, feeling like you have a lack of friends, a
breakup or feeling a little sense of competence. Something is going bad, and I can’t take
any means to change it.