Exam 2 lec 6 CONSCIOUSNESS, SENSATION & PERCEPTION

Question 1

Alcohol- depressant

Answer 1

Alcohol is a depressant; they slow brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions. More inclined to do the urges we feel when we are sober

Question 2

GABA

Answer 2

Neurotransmitter that knows down neurotransmitters also called an inhibitor

Question 3

Cocaine – stimulant

Answer 3

Stimulants that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
Cocaine is a powerful addictive stimulant produces a rush of euphoria and temporarily increased alertness.

Question 4

Opiates – depressant

Answer 4

Opiates that reduce neural activity, and slow body functions.
Opiates depress neural activity, temporarily lessening
pain and anxiety.

Question 5

Marihuana – combo

Answer 5

Hallucinogen alter sensory perceptions. Evoking sensory images in the absence of sensory input. Marijuana relaxes, inhibits, and produces a euphoric high.

Question 6

Substance use disorder

Answer 6

(inability to control the use of a drug, affecting a person’s brain and behavior)

Question 7

Depressants

Answer 7

Opiates that reduce neural activity, and slow body functions.

Question 8

Tolerance & withdrawal

Answer 8

(effect of a substance diminishes, so you must take more to get the same effect).

Question 9

Sensation:

Answer 9

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.

Question 10

Perception

Answer 10

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

Question 11

Transduction:

Answer 11

Conversion of one form of energy into another, in sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret.

Question 12

Bottom up processing

Answer 12

is taking basic element and reasoning out what it is.
What am i seeing
sensation: Our senses like hearing vision and smell receive and relay outside stimuli.

Question 13

Top-down processing

Answer 13

organize and interpret information and put it into context.

Question 14

Absolute threshold:

Answer 14

The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus such as light, sound, pressure, taste, or odor 50% of the time. Smallest detectable
level of stimulation.

Question 15

Subliminal processing

Answer 15

below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
analyzing something in depth in order to get the idea. bot something clear that you can see or realize from first glance.

Question 16

Difference Threshold:

Answer 16

The minimum stimulus differences a person can detect half the time.

Question 17

Weber’s Law:

Answer 17

The stronger a stimulus the larger the change required for an observer to notice a difference. Signal detection.

Question 18

Sensory adaptation:

Answer 18

When we are constantly exposed to an unchanging stimulus, we become less aware of it because our nerve cells fire less frequently (not noticing strong perfume after a while).

Question 19

Retina

Answer 19

the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

Question 20

Rods:

Answer 20

Retinal Receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement: necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond. Little movement.

Question 21

Cones:

Answer 21

retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or well-lit conditions. Cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensation. Fine detail color.

Question 22

Blind spot:

Answer 22

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located here. NO image detection in this area.

Question 23

Three color theory:

Answer 23

the theory that the retina contains three different types of color receptors one most sensitive to red, one to green one to blue which when stimulates in
combination can produce perception of color.

Question 24

Opponent process theory:

Answer 24

the theory that opposing retinal process (red to green, blue to yellow, white to black) enable color vision. Some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red, others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. Basically, color vision depends on three sets of opposing retinal processes.