Exam 2 lec 6 CONSCIOUSNESS, SENSATION & PERCEPTION Flashcards
Alcohol- depressant
Alcohol is a depressant; they slow brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions. More inclined to do the urges we feel when we are sober
GABA
Neurotransmitter that knows down neurotransmitters also called an inhibitor
Cocaine – stimulant
Stimulants that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
Cocaine is a powerful addictive stimulant produces a rush of euphoria and temporarily increased alertness.
Opiates – depressant
Opiates that reduce neural activity, and slow body functions.
Opiates depress neural activity, temporarily lessening
pain and anxiety.
Marihuana – combo
Hallucinogen alter sensory perceptions. Evoking sensory images in the absence of sensory input. Marijuana relaxes, inhibits, and produces a euphoric high.
Substance use disorder
(inability to control the use of a drug, affecting a person’s brain and behavior)
Depressants
Opiates that reduce neural activity, and slow body functions.
Tolerance & withdrawal
(effect of a substance diminishes, so you must take more to get the same effect).
Sensation:
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Transduction:
Conversion of one form of energy into another, in sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret.
Bottom up processing
is taking basic element and reasoning out what it is.
What am i seeing
sensation: Our senses like hearing vision and smell receive and relay outside stimuli.
Top-down processing
organize and interpret information and put it into context.
Absolute threshold:
The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus such as light, sound, pressure, taste, or odor 50% of the time. Smallest detectable
level of stimulation.
Subliminal processing
below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
analyzing something in depth in order to get the idea. bot something clear that you can see or realize from first glance.
Difference Threshold:
The minimum stimulus differences a person can detect half the time.
Weber’s Law:
The stronger a stimulus the larger the change required for an observer to notice a difference. Signal detection.
Sensory adaptation:
When we are constantly exposed to an unchanging stimulus, we become less aware of it because our nerve cells fire less frequently (not noticing strong perfume after a while).
Retina
the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.
Rods:
Retinal Receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement: necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond. Little movement.
Cones:
retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or well-lit conditions. Cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensation. Fine detail color.
Blind spot:
The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located here. NO image detection in this area.
Three color theory:
the theory that the retina contains three different types of color receptors one most sensitive to red, one to green one to blue which when stimulates in
combination can produce perception of color.
Opponent process theory:
the theory that opposing retinal process (red to green, blue to yellow, white to black) enable color vision. Some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red, others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. Basically, color vision depends on three sets of opposing retinal processes.
