Development part 2 Flashcards
Autism spectrum disorder
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors. Theory of mind is impaired when kids have this disorder. Have problems in communication and social interaction and have little involvement in social contact. They also have restricted interest and activities. They intensely play with certain toys.
Less activity in perspective taking. Less mirroring neurons, making them be a little less empathic. 85% heritability h^2. Distributed across many genes.
Social development – attachment:
the ability to form emotional bonds with other people. Shown in young children be seeking closeness to their caregiver and sowing distress upon separation. Attachment is an evolved tendency. Serves and evolutionary purpose.
Attachment evidence across species – Harlow’s monkey studies
He raised monkeys in a cage and inside the cage the baby monkey had access to an artificial 2 moms. One was able to give nourishment, and the other was wrapped in a fuzzy looking cloth like his mom. They were connected to the care givers that provided nutrition. Harlow stressed these monkeys, when they were stressed, they ran to the fuzzy mom the one that looked more like their mom but not the one that was giving food. They wanted warm and nurturing, there was an emotion attachment not just food acquisition.
Attachment style: Stranger situation:
infants come to prefer familiar faces and voices. They may greet strangers by reaching for the familiar caregivers, they cant assimilate the new face into the remembered ones, so they become distressed
Secure attachment:
60 to 65% of children. doesn’t get distressed when care giver leaves. When stranger come in, they don’t get distressed either. Those who are more secure tend to have more consistent relationships later on in life.
Insecure
35% to 40 of children. Child gets incredibly distressed when parent leave. Part of them seek out contact but some resist contact. Tend to have more social conflict later in life
Temperament
a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity intensity. We believe that this is genetic. Those who have more reactive temperament have a higher tendency to be insecurity attached.
Caregiver behavior
if taught can increase the security attachment of the kid.
Kohlberg’s stages
: What the right or wrong thing to do in this situation.
Preconventional
most concerned if they will be rewarded or punished. Morality about them.
Postconventional
Concern with more universal ideas of right or wrong
Moral intuitionist model:
how we tend to make moral decisions.
When we have to make a moral decision, our automatic reaction is to take an emotional consequence, and try to come up with something to justify that. Using emotion to justify moral response
Development: Adolescence:
the transition period from childhood to adulthood extending from puberty to independence
A. Physical development:
growth spurt 10 for girl 12 for men.
Eastly growth spurt for men can lead to more confidence and popularity for men.
Ealy puberty for girl tend to be worse.
Frontal lobes and limbic system. Adolescents tend to be ruled more by emotions than logic because of this.
Erikson’s identity vs. role confusion 12 to 20
People are trying to figure out what they find most interesting to them. Getting more answers for who am I. If you don’t come through this okay you are never good at developing a good course life path.
To make a good identity you have to try a bunch of things.
