Intelligence part 2 Flashcards
Genetic influences:
Twin and adoption studies. Those who have more genes in common tend to have more similar IQs ex identical twins. Fraternal twins and siblings you tend to have about 50%. Adoption there tend to have a lower correlation since you are not genetically corelated, but you do live in the same households, so you do yen to have some similarity
Heritability index (h2)
the proportion of a variation in a trait that seems to be attributed to genetic factor.
H^2+ e^2=100% Environment and heredity together equal 100%
How heritability changes over lifespan
gets lower at a very young age as we get older, around 18 and up it gets higher and becomes stable, and as we get much older it decreases in a small rate.
Environmental - impact of poverty & education
when we are younger, we don’t have much control over the environment that we live in, it is under our care givers. But as we get older, maybe when we are 30, we have more control over our environment. As we get older, we seek the environment that we feel more comfortable in
Poverty
being raised in a richer household, can have an impact on your intelligence. There is about 12-18 IQ points increase in better socioeconomic households.
Education
Early educational interventions can help boost IQ. Quality preschools, and interactive reading. Interactive reading, tries to involve the child in the book, trying to get the kid to interact with your story, by involving them. It shows some modest boost in IQ gains.
Age with intelligence
as we get older our vocabulary and knowledge remain stable overtime. Crystalized intelligence stays the same. In contract fluid intelligence tend to decline over time, such as general memory, and speed. We don’t think as quickly.
Genetics
genes and experience weave the fabric of intelligence.
Cultural bias in tests:
not a major source
Stereotype threat:
the self-confirming concern that someone will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. African Americans know that that they don’t know do a well on intelligence test, based on stereotypes, so they tend do poorly. They don’t only have to do good, but they also must prove themselves, because they are concerned about stereotypes. Having reminders about stereotypes effects their performance. When Asian women taking a math test were reminded that they are women they did poor, but when they were reminded that they are Asian they did better.
Environment
African Americans, have higher poverty rates, less healthcare, and poorer educational systems. They have less adaptive environments.
