Exam 1

Question 1

• Plasticity

Answer 1

Brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood by

reorganizing after damage of by building anew pathway based on experience

Question 2

Neurons:

Answer 2

a nerve cell, basic building block of the nervous system

Question 3

Cell body:

Answer 3

each neuron consists of a cell body, which is part of the

neuron That contains the nucleus, cell’s life support center

Question 4

Dendrite:

Answer 4

branching fibers of cell body. receive and integrate information, conducting it towards the cell body. Dendrites listen

Question 5

Axon :

Answer 5

cell’s single lengthy neuron extension that passes messages Through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or grands. Axons speak

Question 6

myelin sheath

Answer 6

a fatty tissue layer, enables greater transmission speed for neural impulses, Conducts better.

Question 7

Glial cell

Answer 7

cells in nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons, also they play a role in learning, Thinking, and memory. Neurons are like queen bee’s, on their own They can’t feed or sheath Themselves. Glial cells are working bees. They provide nutrients and insulating myelin guide, neural connections, and clean up after neurons send messages to one another

Question 8

Resting Potential

Answer 8

neuron not transmitting info, it is resting. - 70 micv. high Sodium ion concentration occurs on the outside. A high potassium ion concentration, occurs in the inside. Positive - outside neg inside

Question 9

Action Potential

Answer 9

a neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that goes down its axon. +40mv. Huge influx of sodium ions occurs to the inside. Temporary flow of positive ion

Question 10

Threshold

Answer 10

level of Stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

Question 11

Refectory period:

Answer 11

brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired

Question 12

Synapse,

Answer 12

meeting point between neurons of receiving neuron. it is the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of receiving neuron.

Question 13

Neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Chemical messengers that cross The Synaptic gap between neurons, Neurotransmitter travel across The Synapse and bind to receptor sites, on the receiving neuron. as a key fits a lock. unlocking tiny channels at receiving site and electrically charged atoms flow in exciting or inhibiting the receiving neurons readiness to fire.

Question 14

Reuptake

Answer 14

neurotransmitter reabsorption by the sending neuron

Question 15

Endorphins:

Answer 15

morphine within-natural opiate. like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

Question 16

acetylcholine

Answer 16

most common type of neuro transmitter, activates muscle That help the body move,

Question 17

Agonist:

Answer 17

molecules increase a neurotransmitter’s action.

Question 18

Antagonists:

Answer 18

decrease a neurotransmitters action by blocking production or release.

Question 19

Nervous system:

Answer 19

The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells Of The Peripheral and central nervous systems.

Question 20

Central nervous system:

Answer 20

The brain and Spinal chord,

Question 21

Peripheral nervous system:

Answer 21

Peripheral nervous system: sensory and motor neurons that connect the
V central nervous system to the rest of the body,
• has two components:
- Somatic : enables voluntary control of our Skeletal muscles (hand movement
- autonomic! controls our glands and our internal organ muscles. (heart beat)

Question 22

• Autonomic subdivisions;

Answer 22

Sympathetic nervous system. arouses and expends energy. accelerate heart beat for an interview
Parasympathic nervous system: conserves energy and calms the body. when interview is over it calms you

Question 23

Endocrine:

Answer 23

Body’s slow chemical communication system a set of glands that
secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 24

Hormones’:

Answer 24

chemical messengers That are manufactured by endocrine glands travel through blood stream and affect other tissues