Travel Medicine Flashcards
Describe the treatment options for giardiasis.
Metronidazole OR albendazole
What is the most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea?
E-coli
How is E-coli traveler’s diarrhea typically treated?
Supportive care (fluid replacement)
What are the differences in the incubation periods between giardiasis and E-coli infections acquired during travel?
Giardiasis has a long incubation period (manifestations after 1-2 weeks), while E-coli has a short incubation period (manifestations after 1-2 days)
Describe the diagnosis and treatment for dengue fever in a patient who recently returned from Thailand.
Diagnosis: Dengue fever; Treatment: Supportive care
What are the diagnostic differences between malaria and dengue fever in a patient who recently returned from Thailand?
Malaria shows normal platelets, low RBCs; Dengue fever shows decreased platelets and has rash
What is the most important investigation for diagnosing malaria?
Thick and thin blood film
What is the recommended first-line prophylactic treatment for malaria?
Doxycycline
What is the drug of choice for malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy?
Not provided
Describe the most common complication of malaria in pregnancy.
Low birth weight
What is the most common cause of low birth weight?
Smoking
What is the most common cause of teratogenicity?
Alcohol
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient who returned from Thailand and develops bloody diarrhea?
Entamoeba histolytica
What is the likely diagnosis for a young patient with a prolonged history of bloody diarrhea?
Ulcerative colitis
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient who returned from Thailand with bloody diarrhea followed by fever and RUQ pain one month later?
Amoebic liver abscess
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with a prolonged history of gallbladder disease presenting with fever and RUQ pain?
Acute cholecystitis
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with a prolonged history of gallbladder disease presenting with fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice?
Acute cholangitis
What are the common symptoms shared between amebic liver abscess and clonorchiasis?
Fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain
What is the difference in symptom presentation between amebic liver abscess and clonorchiasis?
Amebic abscess presents with gastrointestinal symptoms first, then hepatic symptoms; Clonorchiasis presents with hepatic symptoms only
What is the investigation of choice for typhoid fever during the first week of illness?
Blood culture
If blood culture is positive in the first week of suspected typhoid fever, what is the next step?
It is the investigation of choice
What is the investigation of choice for typhoid fever during the second week of illness?
Stool culture
What is the investigation of choice for typhoid fever during the third week of illness?
Urine culture
If a stool culture for suspected typhoid fever is negative, what is the next step?
Blood culture
Describe the most important measure to prevent typhoid infection according to the content.
Hand washing.
What is the first-line treatment for typhoid as per the content?
Ciprofloxacin.
What is the most common cause of death during traveling according to the content?
Accidents.
What is the most common cause of traveler diarrhea as mentioned in the content?
E-coli.
Which vaccine is recommended as most important for a female traveling to China and staying in a five-star hotel according to the content?
BCG.
Which vaccine is compulsory before Hajj according to the content?
Meningococcus.
What vaccine is recommended to pregnant individuals as per the content?
Influenza inactivated.
Which vaccines are recommended to be avoided in pregnancy according to the content?
MMR, Human-papillomavirus, and varicella.
What vaccines are recommended to the elderly based on the content?
Influenza (yearly) and pneumococcus.
What type of fever is associated with malaria according to the content?
Paroxysmal (NOT daily).
