Disorders Flashcards
Describe the clinical picture of an individual with anorexia nervosa.
Includes body dysmorphic disorder, restricted food intake, low caloric intake, great concern with appearance, denial of emaciated conditions, self-induced vomiting, laxatives and diuretics abuse, strenuous exercise, scarred or scratched hands, lanugo hair, very low body weight, decreased FSH and LH, decreased estrogen and progesterone, decreased bone mass, normocytic normochromic anemia, abnormal liver enzymes, decreased brain mass, bradycardia, hypotension, lower limb edema, electrolyte imbalances, and complications like death.
Anorexia Nervosa: A serious eating disorder with the following features:
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Obsession with appearance flaws.
- Concern with Appearance: Fear of gaining weight.
- Denial of Condition: Not recognizing severity of low weight.
- Restricted Food Intake: Severe limitation, leading to low weight.
- Self-Induced Vomiting: Purging for weight control.
- Laxative/Diuretic Abuse: Misuse for weight control.
- Excessive Exercise: Strenuous activity to burn calories.
- Scarred Hands: From vomiting.
- Lanugo Hair: Fine hair growth.
- Low Body Weight: Significantly underweight.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Decreased FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone.
- Decreased Bone Mass: Osteopenia/osteoporosis.
- Anemia: Normocytic normochromic.
- Liver Enzyme Abnormalities: Elevated liver enzymes.
- Decreased Brain Mass: Due to malnutrition.
- Bradycardia and Hypotension: Slow heart rate, low blood pressure.
- Edema: Lower limb swelling.
- Electrolyte Imbalances: Due to purging.
- Death: From severe malnutrition and complications.
- Clinical Evaluation: History, physical exam, lab tests.
- Multidisciplinary Approach: Medical, nutritional, psychological care.
Define anorexia nervosa.
An eating disorder characterized by restricted food intake, low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.
How does anorexia nervosa affect the body weight of individuals?
It leads to a very low BMI.
Describe the impact of anorexia nervosa on hormones like FSH and LH.
It causes a decrease in FSH and LH levels.
What are some common physical signs of anorexia nervosa?
These include lanugo hair, emaciation, and lower limb edema.
Do individuals with anorexia nervosa typically have normal or abnormal electrolyte levels?
They often have electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
Describe the treatment approach for anorexia nervosa.
It involves hospitalization, electrolyte correction, hydration, parenteral nutrition, and behavioral therapy.
Define bulimia nervosa.
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting or fasting.
How does bulimia nervosa differ from anorexia nervosa in terms of body weight?
Individuals with bulimia nervosa typically maintain a normal body weight.
Describe the two types of bulimia nervosa.
They are purging type (using self-induced vomiting or laxatives) and non-purging type (fasting or excessive exercise).
What are some common physical signs associated with bulimia nervosa?
These include dental enamel erosion, enlarged parotid glands, and hand erosions.
How is bulimia nervosa commonly treated?
Treatment often involves cognitive behavioral therapy, SSRIs for depression, and psychodynamic therapy for associated personality disorders.
Define body dysmorphic disorder.
A condition where individuals believe a part of their body is abnormal or defective, often leading to excessive mirror checking and multiple visits to dermatologists or plastic surgeons.
Describe the typical concerns of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.
They are usually concerned about their face and may exhibit obsessive behaviors related to perceived defects.
What is a common behavior seen in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder?
Frequent mirror checking is a common behavior among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.
Describe the behavior of someone with paranoid personality disorder.
Distrustful, suspicious, interprets others’ actions as threatening, tends to be emotionally cold and isolated.
What are the characteristics of someone with schizoid personality disorder?
Isolated, emotionally detached, prefers being alone, lacks interest in relationships, sex, and criticism, may exhibit odd behavior and perceptions.
Define schizotypal personality disorder.
Characterized by isolation, odd beliefs, magical thinking, ideas of reference and persecution, suspiciousness, and difficulty forming therapeutic relationships.
How does someone with avoidant personality disorder typically behave?
Socially inhibited, sensitive to rejection, fears criticism, avoids social situations, and feels lonely.
Describe the key features of borderline personality disorder.
Unstable affect, mood swings, impulsivity, unstable relationships, suicidal ideation, emptiness, inappropriate anger, and commonly uses defense mechanism of splitting.
What are the common traits of someone with narcissistic personality disorder?
Self-importance, grandiosity, preoccupation with success, sensitivity to criticism, lack of empathy, and unstable mood.
Do individuals with antisocial personality disorder follow social rules?
No, they recurrently engage in criminal acts, lack empathy, are impulsive, aggressive, and disregard the rights of others.
