Substance Abuse Flashcards
Describe substance abuse according to the provided content.
Substance abuse involves failure to meet responsibilities, using substances in hazardous situations, legal issues, and continued use despite social problems.
What are some signs of substance dependence as outlined in the content?
Signs include failed attempts to cut down use, spending significant time obtaining the substance, isolation from activities, and taking more than intended.
How is tolerance described in substance dependence?
Tolerance is needing progressively larger amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.
Define withdrawal symptoms in the context of substance dependence.
Withdrawal symptoms occur when a person stops taking a substance after dependence, leading to physical or psychological issues.
List some types of substances mentioned in the content. Stimulants and opiode
Stimulants (e.g., amphetamine, cocaine), hallucinogens (e.g., LSD), opioids (e.g., heroin, morphine), phencyclidine, and cannabis.
Describe the intoxication effects of morphine as per the content.
Morphine intoxication can lead to CNS depression, constipation, pupillary constriction, and respiratory depression.
What is the antidote mentioned for morphine overdose in the content?
Naloxone/naltrexone is mentioned as the antidote for morphine overdose.
What is recommended for rehabilitation according to the content?
Rehabilitation is recommended for individuals struggling with substance abuse or dependence.
Describe the symptoms of morphine withdrawal.
Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, diaphoresis, dilated pupils, piloerection, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea.
What are the signs of benzodiazepines intoxication?
Signs include amnesia, ataxia, somnolence, respiratory depression, and paradoxical agitation.
How does benzodiazepines withdrawal manifest with long-term use?
Manifestations include rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor, and insomnia.
Define amphetamines intoxication and its common signs.
It involves psychomotor agitation, hypertension, pupillary dilation, tachycardia, fever, and commonly presents with psychosis followed by hallucinations.
What is the recommended management for amphetamine psychosis?
Benzodiazepines are the best management for amphetamine psychosis.
Do you know the most important sign of amphetamine withdrawal?
The most important sign is paranoia.
Describe the symptoms of cocaine toxicity.
Symptoms include psychomotor agitation, euphoria, impaired judgment, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, hypertension, paranoia, hallucinations, and can lead to sudden death.
What ECG changes can be seen in cocaine toxicity related to ischemia?
ECG changes from ischemia can manifest as ‘cocaine chest pain’.
How does cocaine affect the brain, nose, and heart?
Cocaine can cause stroke in the brain, septal perforation in the nose, and adverse effects on the heart.
Describe the effects of cocaine on the skin and the presence of bugs under the skin.
Cocaine can lead to skin issues and the sensation of bugs crawling under the skin.
What is the impact of cocaine on the placenta?
Cocaine can cause abruptio placenta.
What effect does cocaine have on the fetus?
Cocaine can be teratogenic and lead to low birth weight.
What additional symptom does Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) exhibit compared to cocaine and amphetamine?
PCP can cause vertical/horizontal nystagmus.
Describe the effects of LSD on an individual.
LSD can cause marked anxiety or depression, delusions, visual hallucinations, pupillary dilatation, tachycardia, hypertension, and heightened senses.
What are some effects of marijuana on a person?
Marijuana can induce euphoria, slow the sense of time, increase appetite, cause dry mouth, and conjunctival injection.
What is the active form of marijuana?
The active form of marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
What should be the initial step if a patient with cannabis addiction develops psychosis?
The first step is to stop cannabis intake.
How should cannabis-induced akathesia be managed?
The first step is to stop marijuana usage.
What is the most commonly used drug in parties?
Ecstasy (MDMA) is the most common drug used in parties.
