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AMC MCQ - Key points > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the initial management steps for a patient presenting with lightheadedness, dizziness, and a pulse rate below 50 beats per minute.

A

First step: administer atropine. If no response after 3 doses of atropine, consider transcutaneous pacing. If there is still no improvement, consider transvenous pacing (not typically done in the ER).

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2
Q

What is the recommended treatment for a patient diagnosed with SVT and hemodynamic instability (hypotension, chest pain)?

A

Cardioversion with a DC shock.

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3
Q

How should SVT patients with hemodynamic stability be initially managed?

A

First step: vagal stimulation (e.g., carotid massage). If there is no response, consider IV adenosine. If still no response, consider calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or beta blockers (BBs).

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4
Q

Define VT and outline the management approach for a patient with VT and hemodynamic instability.

A

VT stands for ventricular tachycardia. For a patient with VT and hemodynamic instability, cardioversion with a DC shock is recommended.

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5
Q

Describe the management approach for a patient with palpitations and ECG showing polymorphic VT known as Torsade de Pointes.

A

The immediate management includes administering magnesium sulfate. The drug of choice for Torsade de Pointes is Amiodarone. If the patient is hemodynamically unstable, defibrillation is necessary.

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6
Q

What is the recommended treatment for a patient with Wolf Parkinsonian White syndrome (WPW) presenting with SVT?

A

Adenosine is the preferred treatment for SVT in patients with WPW. The best long-term treatment is catheter ablation.

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7
Q

Describe the management approach for a patient with palpitations and ECG showing irregular, narrow complex tachycardia indicative of atrial fibrillation (AF).

A

The most common cause of AF is not specified in the content.

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8
Q

What is the most important investigation to be done in a patient with atrial fibrillation and suspected hyperthyroidism?

A

TSH, T4

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9
Q

What is the drug of choice for atrial fibrillation in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta-blocker (BB)

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10
Q

What does an ECG showing an extra QRS complex with no preceding P-wave indicate?

A

Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)?

A

Hyperkalemia

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12
Q

What is the most dangerous cause of PVCs, especially post-myocardial infarction?

A

Ischemia

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13
Q

In a patient with polycythemia vera (PCV) who is asymptomatic, what is the recommended treatment?

A

No treatment

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14
Q

In a symptomatic patient with polycythemia vera (PCV), what is the recommended treatment? In ECG

A

Beta-blocker (BB)

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15
Q

What does an ECG showing 1st degree heart block (PR interval >0.2 sec) with each P wave followed by a QRS complex indicate?

A

No treatment

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16
Q

What does an ECG showing progressive PR interval prolongation followed by a dropped QRS complex indicate?

A

Second degree AV block type I (Mobitz type I)

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17
Q

What does an ECG showing a regular PR interval followed by a dropped QRS complex indicate?

A

Second degree AV block type II (Mobitz type II)

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18
Q

What does an ECG showing no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes indicate?

A

Third degree AV block

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19
Q

What is the management approach for first-degree AV block?

A

No treatment

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20
Q

What is the management approach for second-degree AV block type I, even if symptomatic?

A

No treatment

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21
Q

What is the management approach for second-degree AV block type II, even if asymptomatic?

A

Pacemaker insertion

The management of second-degree AV block type II, even if asymptomatic, involves:

  1. Cardiology Referral: Immediate referral to a cardiologist for further evaluation and management.
  2. Monitoring and ECG: Continuous ECG monitoring to assess the degree of block and identify any progression to complete heart block.
  3. Permanent Pacemaker: Consideration for permanent pacemaker insertion due to the high risk of progression to complete heart block and sudden cardiac arrest.

For more detailed guidelines, refer to the RACGP guidelines.

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22
Q

What is the management approach for third-degree AV block?

A

Pacemaker insertion

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23
Q

Name important drugs that can cause hyperkalemia.

A

ACE inhibitors, Beta-blockers, NSAIDs, Spironolactone

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24
Q

What is the first step in managing hyperkalemia with significant ECG changes (wide QRS complex)?

A

Calcium gluconate administration

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25
Q

Name important drugs that can cause hypokalemia.

A

Loop diuretics, Amiodarone, thiazide,nitrate

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26
Q

What does an ECG showing an M-shaped pattern in leads V1 and V2 indicate?

A

Right bundle branch block (RBBB)

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27
Q

What does an ECG showing an M-shaped pattern in leads V5 and V6 indicate?

A

Left bundle branch block (LBBB)

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28
Q

Describe the significance of LBBB in the context of cardiac arrest management.

A

LBBB is important to consider in cardiac arrest situations.

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29
Q

What is the best step to maintain the airway in a cardiac arrest scenario?

A

Perform a head lift jaw thrust maneuver.

30
Q

What is the first step to take in a cardiac arrest situation?

A

Initiate CPR.

31
Q

What is the first drug to be administered during a cardiac arrest?

A

Administer IV adrenaline.

32
Q

What is the recommended action for a shockable rhythm like pulseless V.Tach and V.Fibrillation?

A

Perform immediate cardioversion.

33
Q

How should non-shockable rhythms like asystole and pulseless electrical activity be managed?

A

Initiate CPR and administer drugs.

34
Q

What step has the best long-term effect after a cardiac arrest?

A

Using a defibrillator is crucial for long-term outcomes.

35
Q

What is the recommended treatment for asystole and pulseless electrical activity?

A

Perform CPR and administer epinephrine.

36
Q

How can the best neurological outcome be achieved after recovery from a cardiac arrest?

A

Consider induced hypothermia.

37
Q

What is the first step in dealing with ventricular fibrillation?

A

Administer a DC shock.
How to deal with ventricular fibrillation?????
1st step………………………….……DC shock
If still VF ……………………………CPR for 2 minu
If return to sinus rhythm……continues CPR

38
Q

If ventricular fibrillation persists, what should be done next?

A

Continue CPR for 2 minutes.How to deal with ventricular fibrillation?????
1st step………………………….……DC shock
If still VF ……………………………CPR for 2 minu
If return to sinus rhythm……continues CPR

39
Q

First line for AF with

A

hyperhyrodism………BB
First line for mitral valve prolapsed……BB
First line ttt for HOCM……….BB
First line ttt for angina………BB
First medical ttt for aortic dissection…….BB
TTT of essential tremors……….BB

40
Q

What is the initial drug of choice for premature ventricular beats and hyperthyroidism ?

A

Begin treatment with a beta-blocker if necessary.

41
Q

What is the first-line treatment for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?

A

Administer adenosine followed by calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers.

42
Q

What is the first-line treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)?

A

Use amiodarone as the initial treatment.

43
Q

What is the first-line treatment for torsades de pointes?

A

Administer magnesium sulfate.

44
Q

What is the first-line treatment for supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Adenosine then cc or bb

45
Q

What is the first-line treatment for unstable ventricular tachycardia?

A

Cardioversion

46
Q

Describe the first-line treatment for ventricular fibrillation.

A

Dc shock

47
Q

What is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia?

A

Atropine

48
Q

What is the first-line treatment for COPD?

A

Oxygen

49
Q

What is the first-line treatment for pericarditis?

A

NSAIDs

50
Q

What is the first-line treatment for pericardial tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis

51
Q

What is the first-line treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?

A

Angioplasty
PCI

52
Q

What is the first-line treatment for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI)?

A

Heparin

53
Q

What is the first-line treatment for unstable angina?

A

Heparin

54
Q

What is the first-line treatment for variant angina?

A

Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

55
Q

What is the first-line treatment for cocaine-induced angina?

A

Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

56
Q

What is the first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia?

A

Statin

57
Q

What is the best lifestyle recommendation for asthma?

A

Avoid smoking

58
Q

What is the best lifestyle recommendation for hypertension (HTN)?

A

Lose weight

59
Q

What is the best lifestyle recommendation for osteoarthritis (OA)?

A

Lose weight

60
Q

What is the first drug of choice for aortic regurgitation?

A

ACE inhibitors

61
Q

What is the first drug of choice for diabetes mellitus (DM) with hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitors

62
Q

What is the first-line treatment for DM with proteinuria?

A

ACE inhibitors

63
Q

What is the recommended treatment for hypertension with unilateral renal artery stenosis?

A

ACE inhibitors

64
Q

What is the best treatment for renal artery stenosis?

A

Stent placement

65
Q

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension with hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta blockers

66
Q

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

A

Alpha blockers

67
Q

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension with essential tremors?

A

Beta blockers

68
Q

Describe the management for first-degree heart block.

A

No specific treatment

69
Q

Describe the management for Mobitz type 1 heart block.

A

No specific treatment

70
Q

What is the treatment for Mobitz type 2 heart block?

A

Pacemaker

71
Q

What is the treatment for third-degree heart block with cannon waves?

A

Pacemaker

72
Q

What is the most common cause of death following myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

AMC MCQ - Key points (49 decks)

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