Cardio Brief Flashcards
Describe the significance of an opening snap on auscultation in a patient with mitral valve disease.
An opening snap indicates a non-calcified mitral valve.
What is the most common finding on cardiac examination in a patient with mitral valve disease?
Atrial fibrillation.
Do ejection systolic murmurs in aortic stenosis radiate to the carotid arteries?
Yes, ejection systolic murmurs in aortic stenosis radiate to the carotid arteries.
What is a characteristic auscultatory finding in atrial septal defect (ASD)?
Wide fixed splitting of S2.
What is the characteristic murmur in ventricular septal defect (VSD)?
Pan-systolic murmur radiating to the whole myocardium.
Describe the murmur heard in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Continuous machinery murmur.
Do patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA) typically have delayed femoral pulsations?
Yes, patients with COA may have delayed femoral pulsations.
Pt with well developed UL& underdeveloped LL. Exam shows delayed femoral pulsation…
COA murmur…
at whole precordium radiating to back
What is the most common congenital heart disease causing cyanosis?
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).
What is the first step in managing cyanotic spells in TOF?
Placing the patient in a squatting position.
Describe the presentation of transposition of the great vessels (TGVs) in terms of cyanosis.
Cyanosis present since birth (1st day of life).
1st step in management… PG infusion (to maintain patency of PDA)
Heart failure symptoms few days after birth…
hypo-plastic left heart $
Fixed splitted S2……
ASD
What is the most important drug for aortic regurgitation (AR)?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI).
What is the most common association with atrial septal defect (ASD) in terms of conduction abnormalities?
Right bundle branch block (RBBB).
What is the most common complication of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?
Cyanotic spells.
Most common cyanotic heart disease….
TOF
3 day child with symptoms of HF and shock…
hypoplastic ventricle
Describe the murmur heard in coarctation of the aorta.
Murmur heard at the whole precordium radiating to the back.
Systolic murmur over aortic area with syncope…
Cyanosis since birth……
Cyanosis relieved by squatting….
Systolic murmur radiating to the back….coarctation of aorta
Continuous machinery murmur…..
Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur…………….
Decrescendo early diastolic murmur……..
Systolic murmur over apex radiate to axilla…
Systolic murmur over apex radiate to carotid…
Systolic murmur over aortic area with syncope…AS
Cyanosis since birth……TOG
Cyanosis relieved by squatting….TOF
Systolic murmur radiating to the back….coarctation of aorta
Continuous machinery murmur…..PDA
Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur……………. MS
Decrescendo early diastolic murmur…….. AR
Systolic murmur over apex radiate to axilla…MR
Systolic murmur over apex radiate to carotid…AS
What is the characteristic sound of the murmur in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Continuous machinery-like murmur.
What type of murmur is typically heard in mitral stenosis (MS) during mid-diastole?
Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur.
What type of murmur is typically heard in aortic regurgitation (AR) during early diastole?
Decrescendo early diastolic murmur.
Describe the radiation of a systolic murmur heard over the apex in mitral regurgitation (MR).
Radiates to the axilla.