Breast Long

Question 1

Describe the first step in dealing with a breast lump.

Answer 1

History and examination.

Question 2

What imaging modality is recommended for a young individual with a breast lump?

Answer 2

Ultrasound.

Question 3

What imaging modality is recommended for an older individual with a breast lump?

Answer 3

Mammography.

Question 4

What is the initial investigation for a solid breast mass?

Answer 4

Core biopsy.

Question 5

What is the best investigation for a solid breast mass?

Answer 5

Excision.

Question 6

What is the initial investigation for a cystic breast lesion?

Answer 6

Aspiration.

Question 7

Describe the characteristics of fibroadenoma in young women.

Answer 7

Firm, smooth, mobile, usually asymptomatic, not painful.

Question 8

What is the recommended treatment for fibroadenoma?

Answer 8

Surgery.

Question 9

What is fibroadenosis also known as?

Answer 9

Mammary dysplasia.

Question 10

What age group is commonly affected by fibroadenosis?

Answer 10

Age 30-50.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of fibroadenosis?

Answer 11

Pain, tenderness, swelling, increased symptoms premenstrual.

Question 12

What is the most common cause of bloody discharge per nipple?

Answer 12

Intraductal papilloma.

Question 13

What is the recommended investigation for intraductal papilloma?

Answer 13

Mammography.

Question 14

What is the treatment for intraductal papilloma?

Answer 14

Duct excision.

Question 15

What is the causative organism of mastitis?

Answer 15

Staphylococcus.

Question 16

What are the common symptoms of mastitis?

Answer 16

Pain, fever, engorgement, induration.

Question 17

How should mastitis be managed to decrease pain?

Answer 17

Support the breast.

Question 18

What is the recommended treatment for acute breast abscess?

Answer 18

Incision under anesthesia, leave a drain, antibiotics.

Question 19

What is the cause of infantile gynecomastia?

Answer 19

Maternal estrogen.

Question 20

Describe Pubertal mastitis.

Answer 20

Pubertal mastitis is a common condition affecting more than 50% of teenagers, characterized by pain, swelling, and induration in the breast.

Question 21

What is the treatment for Pubertal mastitis?

Answer 21

The treatment for Pubertal mastitis is reassurance.

Question 22

Define Senile in the context of testicular function.

Answer 22

Senile refers to a condition that causes a reduction in testicular function.

Question 23

How is Senile treated in terms of testicular function?

Answer 23

Senile is treated with testosterone replacement therapy.

Question 24

List some drugs that can cause Mammary duct ectasia.

Answer 24

Drugs that can cause Mammary duct ectasia include anabolic steroids, amiodarone, cimetidine, digoxin, estrogen, and spironolactone.

Question 25

Describe the clinical presentation of Mammary duct ectasia.

Answer 25

Mammary duct ectasia presents with discharge (yellow, serous, or creamy white), retraction of the nipple, and may require excision as treatment.

Question 26

What are some risk factors for carcinoma of the breast?

Answer 26

Risk factors for carcinoma of the breast include old age, early menarche, late menopause, late first pregnancy, nulliparity, atypical epithelial hyperplasia, family history, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Question 27

Describe the types of breast carcinoma.

Answer 27

Types of breast carcinoma include ductal carcinoma (most common), lobular carcinoma (bilateral), and inflammatory carcinoma (rare, very invasive, resembling mastitis).

Question 28

Explain Paget’s disease in the context of breast cancer.

Answer 28

Paget’s disease is an intraductal carcinoma characterized by nipple erosion without a palpable mass.

Question 29

What are some clinical features of breast cancer?

Answer 29

Clinical features of breast cancer include a painless breast mass, breast enlargement or asymmetry, skin dimpling, ulceration or nodules, nipple retraction or change of direction, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Question 30

When is BRCA1 or BRCA2 testing recommended?

Answer 30

BRCA1 or BRCA2 testing is recommended in cases of positive family history (less than 50 years) of breast or ovarian cancer, breast and ovarian cancer in the same individual, or a family history of male breast cancer.

Question 31

Describe the best diagnostic screening tool for decreasing mortality in preventive medicine, especially for breast cancer.

Answer 31

Mammography is the best diagnostic screening tool for decreasing mortality in preventive medicine, particularly for breast cancer.

Question 32

Do routine breast cancer screenings for females aged 50-74 involve mammography?

Answer 32

Yes, routine screenings for females aged 50-74 every 2 years involve mammography.

Question 33

When should young women consider screening for breast cancer based on family history?

Answer 33

Young women should consider screening for breast cancer if they have one first-degree relative with breast cancer under 50 years, two first-degree relatives with breast cancer at any age, two second-degree relatives under 50, or specific criteria like breast cancer under 40, bilateral breast cancer, breast and ovarian cancer in the same female, or male breast cancer in the family.

Question 34

What is the recommended treatment for breast hematoma?

Answer 34

Excision is the recommended treatment for breast hematoma.

Question 35

Why are females in Australia often scared of mammography?

Answer 35

Females in Australia are often scared of mammography due to the perceived pain associated with the procedure.