Post Exposure Flashcards
Describe the post-exposure prophylaxis protocol for hepatitis B in individuals with a history of previous vaccination.
Reassure if immune status is checked and positive for antibodies; treat if positive for antigens; vaccinate and administer IVIG if negative for antibodies.
What is the immediate action required for a baby born to an HBV-infected mother?
Administer vaccine and IVIG immediately to the newborn.
Define the chronicity rates of hepatitis B in adults and newborns.
Chronicity in adults is 10-15%, while in newborns it is over 75%.
How is hepatitis B typically treated?
Hepatitis B is treated with interferon and lamivudine.
What are the main side effects of interferon used in hepatitis B treatment?
Depression and fatigue; if depression occurs, interferon should be stopped.
Describe the initial steps in managing hepatitis C post-exposure.
Check baseline immune status, then conduct serial labs for 6 months; if HCV antibodies are positive, proceed to HCV RNA (PCR) testing.
What is the treatment regimen for hepatitis C?
Interferon and ribavirin are commonly used for hepatitis C treatment.
How should counseling be approached for individuals with hepatitis C regarding lactation and sexual activity?
Lactation can continue, and sex is allowed but condom use is preferred.
What is the recommended first step in managing HIV post-exposure?
Start immediate therapy before receiving lab results; discontinue treatment if HIV status is negative and continue if positive.
Describe the prophylactic measures for a newborn exposed to HIV.
Immediately start treatment with zidovudine for the newborn.
Describe the management during pregnancy for a woman with HIV, including counseling, delivery method, lactation, and sex.
Counseling, take retroviral therapy during pregnancy, delivery via C-section, no lactation, sex with protection.
What is the recommended post-exposure prophylaxis for measles within 3 days of first exposure for different age groups?
Birth to 5 months: Normal Human Immunoglobulin if criteria met, 6 to 8 months: IVIG, More than 9 months: MMR.
What is the management if exposure to measles occurs after 3 days but within 6 days?
IVIG.
How should post-exposure prophylaxis for measles be managed in immunocompromised individuals?
IVIG only.
What is the initial step in managing post-exposure prophylaxis for measles in pregnant individuals?
Check IgG levels.
In what scenario should prompt MMR vaccination be considered for post-exposure prophylaxis for measles, even if it is >72 hours after exposure?
In settings with large numbers of individuals with uncertain vaccination histories and immunity.
How is varicella typically prevented in children?
By vaccine (Live attenuated vaccine).
What is the recommended management for varicella in immunocompromised children who have not been vaccinated before?
IVIG.
What is the approach to varicella management in pregnant women who have been vaccinated before?
No prophylaxis.
What is the initial step in managing varicella in pregnant women who have not been vaccinated before?
Serology.
If a pregnant woman who has not been vaccinated before tests negative for varicella IgG, what is the recommended prophylaxis?
IVIG 5 days and 2 days after delivery.
