Post Exposure

Question 1

Describe the post-exposure prophylaxis protocol for hepatitis B in individuals with a history of previous vaccination.

Answer 1

Reassure if immune status is checked and positive for antibodies; treat if positive for antigens; vaccinate and administer IVIG if negative for antibodies.

Question 2

What is the immediate action required for a baby born to an HBV-infected mother?

Answer 2

Administer vaccine and IVIG immediately to the newborn.

Question 3

Define the chronicity rates of hepatitis B in adults and newborns.

Answer 3

Chronicity in adults is 10-15%, while in newborns it is over 75%.

Question 4

How is hepatitis B typically treated?

Answer 4

Hepatitis B is treated with interferon and lamivudine.

Question 5

What are the main side effects of interferon used in hepatitis B treatment?

Answer 5

Depression and fatigue; if depression occurs, interferon should be stopped.

Question 6

Describe the initial steps in managing hepatitis C post-exposure.

Answer 6

Check baseline immune status, then conduct serial labs for 6 months; if HCV antibodies are positive, proceed to HCV RNA (PCR) testing.

Question 7

What is the treatment regimen for hepatitis C?

Answer 7

Interferon and ribavirin are commonly used for hepatitis C treatment.

Question 8

How should counseling be approached for individuals with hepatitis C regarding lactation and sexual activity?

Answer 8

Lactation can continue, and sex is allowed but condom use is preferred.

Question 9

What is the recommended first step in managing HIV post-exposure?

Answer 9

Start immediate therapy before receiving lab results; discontinue treatment if HIV status is negative and continue if positive.

Question 10

Describe the prophylactic measures for a newborn exposed to HIV.

Answer 10

Immediately start treatment with zidovudine for the newborn.

Question 11

Describe the management during pregnancy for a woman with HIV, including counseling, delivery method, lactation, and sex.

Answer 11

Counseling, take retroviral therapy during pregnancy, delivery via C-section, no lactation, sex with protection.

Question 12

What is the recommended post-exposure prophylaxis for measles within 3 days of first exposure for different age groups?

Answer 12

Birth to 5 months: Normal Human Immunoglobulin if criteria met, 6 to 8 months: IVIG, More than 9 months: MMR.

Question 13

What is the management if exposure to measles occurs after 3 days but within 6 days?

Answer 13

IVIG.

Question 14

How should post-exposure prophylaxis for measles be managed in immunocompromised individuals?

Answer 14

IVIG only.

Question 15

What is the initial step in managing post-exposure prophylaxis for measles in pregnant individuals?

Answer 15

Check IgG levels.

Question 16

In what scenario should prompt MMR vaccination be considered for post-exposure prophylaxis for measles, even if it is >72 hours after exposure?

Answer 16

In settings with large numbers of individuals with uncertain vaccination histories and immunity.

Question 17

How is varicella typically prevented in children?

Answer 17

By vaccine (Live attenuated vaccine).

Question 18

What is the recommended management for varicella in immunocompromised children who have not been vaccinated before?

Answer 18

IVIG.

Question 19

What is the approach to varicella management in pregnant women who have been vaccinated before?

Answer 19

No prophylaxis.

Question 20

What is the initial step in managing varicella in pregnant women who have not been vaccinated before?

Answer 20

Serology.

Question 21

If a pregnant woman who has not been vaccinated before tests negative for varicella IgG, what is the recommended prophylaxis?

Answer 21

IVIG 5 days and 2 days after delivery.