TRAUMA Flashcards
What is silver trauma?
major trauma in a patients >65yrs
What are the signs of OCCULT HAEMORRHAGE
- A heart rate > 90 bpm
*Altered GCS (different from the patient’s baseline)
*The systolic blood pressure less than 110 mmHg
SIGNS OF SHOCK!
What is Rhabdomyolysis
serious medical condition that occurs when damaged muscle tissue releases its proteins and electrolytes (myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), aldolase, and lactate) into the blood.
Potassium (K+) builds up due of Muscle Dystrophy
Myoglobin enters bloodstream and damages organs
what is kinematics
Kinematics is the branch of mechanics that studies the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion
What is displacement?
The change in position of an object.
Example: The movement of a vehicle during a collision
What is velocity?
The speed of an object in a given direction.
Example: The speed at which a patient was ejected from a vehicle
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity
.Example: Deceleration forces experienced during a sudden stop
What is a blunt trauma?
impact without penetration
What is a penetrating trauma?
Object pierces the skin and enters the body
What is newtons 1st law of motion?
A body in motion will remain in motion and a body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force
What is newtons 2nd law of motion?
second law, the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
Mass x acceleration / deceleration = Force
What is newtons 3rd law of motion?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What are shearing injuries?
(tearing) of the internal lining, tissues, and blood vessels leading to internal -
*Organs affected – Brain, abdominal organs (especially liver, spleen)
*Bones – Ankles, Femurs especially when in conjunction with trapped patients
What is Waddel’s Triad
injuries relating to paediatric patients involved in RTA
Waddell’s Triad consists of three primary injuries:
Femoral Fracture: This is a break in the thigh bone, one of the most robust bones in the body. In a pedestrian-vehicle collision, this injury is usually caused by the vehicle’s direct impact on the child’s leg.
Intra-abdominal or intra-thoracic injury includes damage to internal organs such as the liver, spleen, or lungs. These injuries occur due to the blunt force of the collision and the secondary impact of the body against the ground or other objects.
Head Injury: This can range from mild concussions to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The head injury results from the child being thrown to the ground or hitting a hard surface post-impact.
3 stages of recovery?
Primary
*Barotrauma, Shrapnel, ENT trauma, Shearing injuries
Secondary
*Shrapnel, blunt force trauma from debris
Tertiary*Blunt force trauma, Crush injuries, Falling debris of objects
How many bones in the body?
206
Anatomy of a long bone?
Diaphysis
Shaft, compact bone
Periosteum
Fibrous connective tissue covering bones
Epiphyses
‘Ends’, compact bone enclosing spongy boneArticular cartilage
Epiphyseal line
Remnant of epiphyseal plate, growth
Yellow marrow (medullary cavity)
Fat store
Red marrow
Also in medullary cavity of infantsIn cavities of spongy bone (flat bones and epiphyses of long bones) in adults
Define Fracture
the break in the continuity of a bone, *complete or incomplete.
A simple Fracture?
involves a clean break with little damage to surrounding tissues and no break in the overlying skin
Pathology fracture?
a fracture through diseased or abnormal bone, usually resulting from a force insufficient to fracture a normal bone. Tumour, infection, congenital bone defects, and osteoporosis are among the causes).
