BIOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY BLOOD

Question 1

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 1

Fluid that surrounds cells within the body

Question 2

Interstitial fluid

Answer 2

Tissue fluid

Mixture of water/ions/small solutes forced out of blood plasma by the systolic pressure created when the heart pumps

Question 3

Lymphatic system

Answer 3

Series of vessels that collects and redistributes interstitial fluid to the blood

Question 4

What makes up extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 4

Plasma
Interstitial fluid (IF)

Question 5

Intracellular fluid

Answer 5

AKA- cytosol

Fluid that exists within the cells
Contains nutrients, proteins and other molecules

Question 6

What is a universal solvent

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What is a solute

Answer 7

A substance dissolved in water

Question 8

What are the classifications of solutes

Answer 8

Electrolytes
Nonelectrolytes

Question 9

What is a nonelectrolyte

Answer 9

A substance that does not exist in an ionic form in aqueous solution

(Does not dissociate in water)

Question 10

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 10

Minerals that carry an electric charge

Dissociate into ions in water

Question 11

Define Blood 🩸

Answer 11

A fluid connective tissue that circulates in the cardiovascular system

Question 12

Main functions of blood

Answer 12

1) transportation - nutrients/waste/hormones/antibodies
2) regulation - temp, pH, chemicals of ECF
3) protection - clotting, white blood cells

Question 13

Define blood plasma

Answer 13

The fluid portion of blood that the cells are suspended in (55%)

Question 14

What are the main components of blood plasma?

Answer 14

• Water (92%)
• dissolved molecules, ions,gases, vitamins (1%)
• proteins (7%)

Question 15

What are plasma proteins?

Answer 15

ALBUMINS- help maintain osmotic pressure
ANTIBODIES- immune function

Question 16

What is another name for red blood cells?

Answer 16

Erythrocytes

Question 17

What is another name for white blood cells?

Answer 17

Leukocytes

Question 18

What is another name for platelets?

Answer 18

Thrombocytes

Question 19

What is the key function of red blood cells?

Answer 19

To carry oxygen

Question 20

What is the key function of red blood cells?

Answer 20

To carry oxygen

Question 21

What is the shape of a red blood cell?

Answer 21

Biconcave disc shape

Question 22

Which type of blood cells has no nucleus?

Answer 22

Red blood cell

Question 23

When oxygen pressure is high, what does Hb do?

Answer 23

Takes up oxygen (eg. The lung)

Question 24

Where oxygen pressure is low, what does Hb do?

Answer 24

Hb gives up oxygen (eg. In respiring tissue)

Question 25

At what pH does haemoglobin dissociate at?

Answer 25

pH 7.4

Question 26

What is Bohr Shift

Answer 26

Changes in the oxygen dissociation curve as a result of carbon dioxide levels (EG. When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood is high, Hbs affinity for oxygen is reduced)

Question 27

Types of White Blood Cells?

Answer 27

- Basophil - neutrophil - monocyte - Lymphocyte - Eosinophil

Question 28

What type of WBC releases histamines?

Answer 28

Eosinophils

Question 29

What type of WBC mediates immune responses?

Answer 29

Lymphocytes (Lymphocytes make antibodies in response to infection/vaccine)

Question 30

If a person has Type B blood, what antibodies do they have

Answer 30

Anti-A

Question 31

If a person has type AB what antigens and anti-bodies do they have?

Answer 31

Both A and B Antigens Neither antibodies

Question 32

If a person has Type O blood what antigens/antibodies do they have

Answer 32

Neither A/B antigen Both A/B antibodies

Question 33

What blood type is a universal recipient?

Answer 33

Type AB

Question 34

What blood type is a universal Donor

Answer 34

Type O

Question 35

What is the main function of platelets?

Answer 35

To help stop blood loss from damaged blood vessels

Question 36

What is Haemostasis?

Answer 36

Body’s normal response for the prevention/stopping of bleeding

Question 37

What are the PHASES of HAEMOSTASIS

Answer 37

1) vasoconstriction - reduces blood loss for several minutes 2) platelets plug formation 3) Blood clotting - production of thrombin

Question 38

What is the function of the spleen

Answer 38

Filters blood Stores RBC/WBC/Platelets