ANATOMY + PHYSIOLOGY GI TRACT Flashcards
PERITONEUM
SEROUS membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs
LAYERS OF PERITONEUM
Parietal peritoneum - outer layer
Visceral peritoneum - inner layer
What is the Peritoneal cavity?
Space found between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum
(Filled with peritoneal fluid)
What is peritonitis?
How does it present?
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Fever, mental confusion, abdominal pain
What is mucosa?
Soft tissue that lines the body’s canals and organs in the digestive/respiratory/reproductive systems.
AKA mucous membrane (IMPORTANT FOR IMMUNITY)
3 LAYERS:
- epithelium
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosae
What are Chief cells?
Gastric gland base: produce pepsinogen (protein digestion)
What are Chief cells?
Gastric gland base: produce pepsinogen (protein digestion)
What is peristalsis?
Involuntary (wave like) muscle movement that occurs in the digestive system
Function of the small intestine
Digestion
Absorption
Segmentation
Peristalsis
Where is the appendix
Lower right quadrant
Chemical digestion
Salivary glands secrete saliva
Amylase
Hydrolyses starch and glycogen
Mucus (chemical digestion)
Protects mouth and lubricates food
Lysozymes (chemical digestion)
Antibacterial
Deglutition
Swallowing
What is Rugae in the stomach
Folds increasing surface area
What is chyme?
Food and gastric juice
Duodenum
First part of small intestine
What do exocrine cells in the pancreas do?
Produce and secrete pancreatic juice (aids digestion) into the duodenum
Where does bile go after it leaves the gall bladder?
Secreted into the duodenum
What artery/vein supplies the liver?
Hepatic
What is bile?
Digestive secretion
Breaks down fats and removes wastes
What is the jejunum?
Second part of the small intestine
Ileum
Final section of the small intestine (largest)
