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UL PARAMEDICS > respiratory week > Flashcards

respiratory week Flashcards

1
Q

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

External respiration is the formal term for gas exchange. It describes both the bulk flow of air into and out of the lungs and the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the bloodstream through diffusion.

KP: HAPPENS IN THE ALVEOLI

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2
Q

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

Internal respiration is the process of diffusing oxygen from the blood, into the interstitial fluid and into the cells

KP: HAPPENS AT A CELLULAR LEVEL

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3
Q

PARTIAL PRESSURE

A

Allows gases to flow from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

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4
Q

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

A

The movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without any energy input

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5
Q

PERFUSION

A

Passage of fluid from a system (respiratory/lymphatic) to an organ/tissue.

KP: Passage of blood to capillary bed in tissue

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6
Q

WHAT POSITION WOULD A DCI PATIENT TRAVEL IN

A

SUPINE

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7
Q

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

A

The volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration

KP: AVERAGE MALE = 6L

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8
Q

TIDAL VOLUME

A

The amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during one respiratory cycle

KP: TYPICALLY 500-600ml

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9
Q

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

A

Amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume. IRV usually kept in reserve, but is used during deep breathing

KP: TYPICALLY 1900-3300ml

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10
Q

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

A

The volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after exhalation of normal tidal volume.

KP: TYPICALLY 700-1200ml
ERV reduced with obesity/ recent upper abdominal surgery etc.

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11
Q

RESIDUAL VOLUME

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after exhalation

KP: TYPICALLY 1200ml

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12
Q

MINUTE VOLUME

A

Amount of gas inhaled and exhaled from a persons lung in 1 minute

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13
Q

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

A

Blood clot that blocks and stops blood flow to an artery in the lung

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14
Q

PULMONARY OEDEMA

A

Too much fluid in the lungs

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15
Q

ASTHMA

A

Chronic inflammatory Response
Narrowing of airways

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16
Q

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

A

Mucus build up in respiratory tract/ digestive tract

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17
Q

COPD

A

Caused by damage to lungs/airway

  • Emphysema/bronchitis
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18
Q

BRONCHITIS

A

Inflammation of lining of Bronchial Tree

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19
Q

EMPHYSEMA

A

Damage to alveoli - caused by smoking

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20
Q

PNEUMONIA (RESP. SEPSIS)

A

Infection that inflames alveoli and surrounding tissue

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21
Q

PNEUMOTHORAX

A

Collapsed lung

KP: OPEN/CLOSED
TREATMENT: OCCLUSIVE DRESSING
NEEDLE DECOMPRESSION

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22
Q

HYPOXIC DRIVE

A

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS - in medulla oblongata - operates off getting CO2 out

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS - in arch of AORTA - operate on getting O2 in

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23
Q

TYPES OF Adventitious lung sounds

A
  • WHEEZE
  • RALES (CRACKLES)
  • STRIDOR
  • RHONCHI/ RHONCHUS
  • PLEURAL RUB
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24
Q

WHAT CAN RALES (CRACKLES) INDICATE

A

PNEUMONIA
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

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25
Q

WHAT CAN STRIDOR INDICATE

A

UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION/ INFECTION

INFLAMMATION OF AIRWAY

26
Q

WHAT CAN RHONCHI INDICATE

A

PNEUMONIA
COPD
CYSTIC FIBROSIS

27
Q

WHAT CAN PLEURAL RUB FRICTION INDICATE

A

PULMONARY EMBOLISM
RECENT CHEST TRAUMA/SURGERY
VIRAL/BACTERIAL INFECTION

28
Q

WHAT CAN A WHEEZE INDICATE

A

ASTHMA
COPD
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION

29
Q

DESCRIBE RHONCHI

A

LOW- PITCH SNORING
GURGLING

30
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR MODERATE ASTHMA EXACERBATION

A

PEFR > 50-75%
INCREASED SYMPTOMS
NO SIGNS OF ACUTE SEVERE ASTHMA

31
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR ACUTE SEVERE ASTHMA

A

PEFR 33-50%
RR ≥25
HR ≥ 110

32
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR LIFE THREATENING ASTHMA

A

PEFR <33%
ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
- SPO2 <92

33
Q

SPECIAL CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

A

GCS = 3
SPO2 < 92%
RR ≤ 9
BVM ineffective
(All above must be present)

34
Q

VENTILATION RATE FOLLOWING SUCCESSFUL ADVANCED AIRWAY

A

8-10 per minute

35
Q

UNSYNCHRONISED CHEST COMPRESSION RATE

A

100-120 per minute

36
Q

WHAT MUST BE ENSURED AFTER SUCCESSFUL AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

A

CO2 detection device in ventilation circuit

37
Q

ABNORMAL WORK OF BREATHING - ADULT

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF OXYGEN IS GIVEN?

A

100% O2 initially unless patient has known COPD
Titrate O2 to standard as clinical condition improves

38
Q

What would you do if patient presents with Raised ETCO2 + Reduced SPO2

A

Consider assisted ventilation

39
Q

What would you do if patient presents with raised ETCO2 + Normal SPO2

A

Encourage deep breaths

40
Q

WHAT WOULD BE CONSIDERED FOLLOWING ASYMMETRICAL BREATH SOUNDS

A

Consider collapse, consolidation & fluid

41
Q

EXACERBATION OF COPD

if there is no oxygen alert card
What percentage would you commence oxygen therapy at?

A

28%
Titrate to SPO2 92%

42
Q

EXACERBATION OF COPD

What is the medication plan?

A
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Salbutamol 5mg NEB
  • IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE 500mcg + Salbutamol 5mg NEB mixed

If condition deteriorates/ becomes unstable?
REQUEST ALS
- Hydrocortisone 200mg IM

43
Q

EXACERBATION OF COPD

What can be considered for profound refractory hypoxia

A

CPAP

44
Q

ASTHMA - adult

What is considered prior to administering salbutamol?

A

PEFR

45
Q

ASTHMA - adult

What is considered prior to administering salbutamol?

A

PEFR

46
Q

ASTHMA - adult

At what point would you consider ALS?

A

If patient does not improve following administration of salbutamol

47
Q

ASTHMA - adult

If no improvement Salbutamol aerosol 100mcg may be repeated how many times?

A

Up to 11 times as required

48
Q

ASTHMA - adult

What is the medication treatment plan?

A

Salbutamol 5mg NEB/ Salbutamol (100mcg) metered aerosol

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB OR IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE + SALBUTAMOL NEB mixed

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB

49
Q

ASTHMA - adult

What is the medication treatment plan?

A

Salbutamol 5mg NEB/ Salbutamol (100mcg) metered aerosol

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB OR IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE + SALBUTAMOL NEB mixed

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB

No improvement

Salbutamol 5mg NEB

50
Q

CPAP volumes?

A

5cm - 8L
10cm - 12L

51
Q

Inclusion criteria for CPAP

A

Clinical signs of APO
RR > 25
SPO2 < 95%

52
Q

Exclusion criteria for CPAP

A

SBP < 90mmHg
Persistent nausea/vomiting
Inability to sit up
Pneumothorax
GI bleed/recent gastric surgery

53
Q

What is the medication plan for APO?

A

Oxygen therapy
GTN 800mcg SL (repeat x1 PRN)
Consider CPAP

54
Q

Operating CPAP

A
  • commence with 5cm H2O
  • Titrate up to 10cm H2O as tolerated
  • monitor clinical response
  • Titrate O2 to maintain SPO2 >95%
55
Q

HOW MANY LITRES IN CD CYLINDER

A

460

56
Q

HOW MANY LITRES IN F CYLINDER

A

1,360

57
Q

HOW MANY LITRES IN E CYLINDER

A

680

58
Q

HOW MANY LITRES IN ZX CYLINDER

A

3040

59
Q

WHAT IS A POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECT OF PROLONGED USE OF OXYGEN WITH COPD PATIENTS

A

Reduction in ventilation stimulus

60
Q

WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS RECEIVING OXYGEN FOR >30 MINS

A

Humidified oxygen

61
Q

WHAT IS THE SPO2 INDICATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN FOR A.P.O

A

<92%

UL PARAMEDICS (33 decks)

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