Transcription 2 Flashcards
What is the basic definition of transcription?
The process of taking DNA and copying parts of it to create MRNAs
Basic process
1) the DNA molecules have genes on it, 2) Break to a DNA template strand
Which one is top?
5’ 3’
Which one is bottom?
3’ 5’
What is the difference in the transcription strand?
The transcription strand is the same as the top strand, only replace the T’s with U’s
How is mRNA translated?
mRNA is translated using codons, the ribosomes reads the MRNA in the groups of three bases
What is a promoter
a piece of DNA that the RNA polymerase recognises and opens the double-strand and makes a transcript `
What are the three steps in transcription?
1) initiation 2)Elongation and 3) Termination
What occurs in the initiation phase?
RNA polymerase binds to region, recognises it, opens up DNA
What occurs in the Elongation phase?
The DNA polymerase moves down, unwinds the DNA to elongate it. Adds nucleotides. A new strand is made using the original as a template
What occurs in the termination phase?
DNA synthesis is completed, new DNA molecules is a double helix
Summary of central dogma
DNA –>transcription–> RNA –> translation
What is translation?
After transcription, the RNA is used as a template for protein production in a process called translation
Why does EUK cells have introns and electrons?
pre mRNA has introns and electrons, the introns are taken out and some exons are put back. The introns are spliced during the process to create the finished mRNA for translation
Translation steps?
1) DNA sequence that encodes proteins is read in triplet codes
2) proteins are produced when ribosomes translate the RNA sequence to make a protein
3) condons are translated
4) ribosomes uses TRNAs to read codons to bring in correct aminos to add to the protein
