Nervous System 2 Module 3

Question 1

What is sciatica?

Answer 1

Sciatica - it can range from many symptoms for lower back pain –> due to bulging disk, and damage and inflammation to the sciatica

Question 2

Central NS and Peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Central NS peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What does afferent mean?

Answer 3

Afferent means to CNS, the spinal cord and brain

Question 4

What does efferent mean?

Answer 4

Efferent means away from the spinal cord and brain

Question 5

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

The peripheral nervous system is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system. The PNS consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

What do afferent nerves do?

Answer 6

Afferent (sensory) nerves carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS, it includes somatic (skins, muscles, joints) and visceral organs

Question 7

What do efferent nerves do?

Answer 7

Motor nerves carry information away from the CNS to effector organs.

• Somatic motor nerves innervate skeletal muscle (voluntary)
• autonomic nerves innervate smooth muscle, cardia muscle, and glands (involuntary or viscera;)

Question 8

In the motor efferent division) what are the 2 that branch off?

Answer 8

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 9

From the autonomic nervous system (ANS), what does it branch off to?

Answer 9

It splits into sympathetic and parasympathetic division

Question 10

What is sympathetic NS?

Answer 10

Fight or flight

Question 11

What is parasympathetic NS?

Answer 11

rest and digest (paralyzed) -rest

Question 12

What are some differences between symp and parasym?

Answer 12

SYM:

• increased metabolic rate
• increased heart rate
• dilate airways and pupils
• reduced digestive and urinary function

PARA- The opposite ( a decrease in everything)

Question 13

What are the key differences between the ANS divisions?

Answer 13

1) site of origin
2) length of fibers
3) location of ganglia

Question 14

The site of origin parasym?

Answer 14

Parasympathetic: nerve fibre originating from the cranial region and sacral region (head to tail bone)

Question 15

The site of origin symp?

Answer 15

Sympathetic: the thoracic (rib cage) area to the lumbar area (lower back)

Question 16

Length of fibre for parasym?

Answer 16

Parasympathetic: preganglionic fibres are LONG ( from the location to the target, the postganglionic fibres are SHORT)

Question 17

Length of firbre fro symp?

Answer 17

Sympathetic: preganglionic fibre are SHORT (from the location to target) post ganglionic fibres are LONG

Question 18

Location of parasymp ganglia?

Answer 18

Parasympathetic: the ganglia are within/near the visceral effector organs (smooth muscle and cardiac muscle)

Question 19

Location of symp ganglia?

Answer 19

SYMP: ganglia are close to the spinal cord

Question 20

What are the 2 types of peripheral nerves?

Answer 20

Spinal nerves (arise from the spinal cord) and cranial nerves (arise from the brain)

Question 21

How are the nerves classified?

Answer 21

Nerves are classified based on impulse direction
sensory: (afferent)
Motor: (efferent)
–> MIXED

Question 22

What surrounds nerves?

Answer 22

Connective tissue layers surround nerves, 3 layers!

Question 23

what are the three layers?

Answer 23

Epineurium, the perineurium and the endonerium

Question 24

What is the Epineurium?

Answer 24

The epineurium is the outer layer that surrounds the peripheral nerve

Question 25

What is the perineurium ?

Answer 25

The perineurium is the middle layer that surrounds fascicles

Question 26

What is the endoneurium?

Answer 26

Is the outer layer that surrounds individual nerve axons