Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Passive transport aided by proteins

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2
Q

Why do proteins facilitate transport?

A

transport proteins speed up the passive movement of the molecules across the membrane - NO ENERGY

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3
Q

What is a channel protein?

A

A channel protein is an arrangement of amino acids that embeds in the cell membrane, providing a hydrophilic passageway for water and small, polar ions. Like all transport proteins, each channel protein has a size and shape which excludes all but the most specific molecules.

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4
Q

What is a carrier protein

A

V shaped, they have a hinge-like mechanism that open up, get in and open up which allows the solute out

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5
Q

What is a transporter protein?

A

Proteins that have the right shape, so they can open under specific conditions to move potassium/sodium/water along the con. gradient (hydrophilic substances)

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6
Q

What do aquaporins and ion channels do?

A

Open and close at the response of stimulus (gated channels)

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7
Q

What do carrier/transport proteins do?

A

They bind to molecules and change the shape to shuttle them across the membrane

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8
Q

Why do transmembrane proteins have pores?

A

They form pores through which ions and molecules can pass through/not –> control

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9
Q

What are the different types of ion channels?

A

Potassium ion channels and aquaporins

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10
Q

DIFFUSION (proteins)

A

Hydrophobic molecules, small uncharged polar molecule can diffuse

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11
Q

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

A

Hydrophilic substances diffuse through membranes with the assistance of transport proteins either channel/carrier

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12
Q

Active transport with protein, what does it do?

A

The use of a transporter - against con. As it has the ability to harness the energy released when ATP breaks

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13
Q

Which modes of transport require a protein?

A

Active and facilitated transport –> use proteins to mediate across the cell membrane

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14
Q

When does bulk transport occur?

A

Exocytosis and endocytosis

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15
Q

Endo

A

(mass coming in)

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16
Q

Exo

A

(mass coming out)

17
Q

Electronegative pump

A

Electrogenic pumps are primary active transporters that break down ATP and use the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to transport ions across biological membranes leading to the translocation of net charge across the membrane.

18
Q

CO transport

A

coupled transport by a membrane protein

19
Q

When does co-transport occur?

A

It occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of another solute

20
Q

Co-transport in plants?

A

Gradient of H+ ions generated by protein pump drives active transport of nutrients into the cell

21
Q

Co-transport in animal cells?

A

Na+/K+ ATpase working together, the NA+ - glucose cotransporter to drive glucose uptake against con. gradient