Module 2 The Organisation of the Body Flashcards
What is the level of organisation?
1) Atoms, 2) Molecules and 3) Macromolecules (organelles)
What are cells?
Cells are the basic units of structure and function
What does it mean when cell structure varies?
When the cell structure varies, it reflects specialization i.e skeletal, smooth, cardiac
What are the types of specialised cells?
Neuron, smooth muscle, bone cell, blood
What are tissues and what are the different types?
Tissues are groups of similar cells and their extracellular products organised to perform a common function. There are 4 different types, epithelial, nervous tissue, muscle and connective tissue
What is the nervous tissue?
Nervous tissue receives, transmits, and integrates information to control body activities. Nerve tissue includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, they are fast-acting and they control and adjust the activity of body systems
What is muscle tissue?
Responsible for movement
What is connective tissue?
they support and connect other tissues; from the connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle cells, to the tendons that attach muscles to bones, and to the skeleton that supports the positions of the body.
What is epithelial tissue?
covers body surfaces, lines cavities and forms glands
What is the extracellular matrix?
(ECM) is located outside of the cells, it is produced by the cells of the specific tissue, it can contain proteins, salts, H20 and dissolved macromolecules
What do cells do?
Cells monitor and maintain ECM and change ECM in response to physical stresses
Does muscle tissue have ECM?
Muscle tissue has little ECM, mainly connective tissue
What are the different types of muscle tissue?
1) Cardiac muscle (heart, moves blood) 2) Smooth Muscle (moves food along digestive system) 3) skeletal muscle (where muscle and connective tissue work together)
What is the order in muscles?
Whole muscle, muscle fasical, muscle fiber, myofibrils and myofilments
What does connective tissue do? 2
Protects other tissues, binds tissue together, storage of fats and minerals, support organ structurally & Functionally
connective tissue + ECM
the cells engulf foreign particles and secrete fiber proteins (Macrophages and fibroblasts)
The ECM holds organs and organs together in place, provides strength, flexibility and elasticity
Where is loose connective tissue found?
Loose connective tissue is wide spread in the human body - between and around organs, beneath epithelial (skin)
What are fibrous connective tissue and roles?
- bundles of collagen, collagen lies in parallel, shock absorption, limits range of motion and transmit force from muscle to bone
What is cartilage ?
Smooth elastic connective tissue which covers and protects the ends of long bones at joints. i.e structural comp. between ribs, ears, nose
What are cartilage cells called?
Chondrocytes, they secrete collagen ad other substance which make tissue strong and flexible
What is bone made up of?
mineralised connective tissue
What are Osteons?
concentric layers of mineralised matrix around blood vessels in compact bone (gives strength)
