Module 2 The Organisation of the Body

Question 1

What is the level of organisation?

Answer 1

1) Atoms, 2) Molecules and 3) Macromolecules (organelles)

Question 2

What are cells?

Answer 2

Cells are the basic units of structure and function

Question 3

What does it mean when cell structure varies?

Answer 3

When the cell structure varies, it reflects specialization i.e skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 4

What are the types of specialised cells?

Answer 4

Neuron, smooth muscle, bone cell, blood

Question 5

What are tissues and what are the different types?

Answer 5

Tissues are groups of similar cells and their extracellular products organised to perform a common function. There are 4 different types, epithelial, nervous tissue, muscle and connective tissue

Question 6

What is the nervous tissue?

Answer 6

Nervous tissue receives, transmits, and integrates information to control body activities. Nerve tissue includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, they are fast-acting and they control and adjust the activity of body systems

Question 7

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 7

Responsible for movement

Question 8

What is connective tissue?

Answer 8

they support and connect other tissues; from the connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle cells, to the tendons that attach muscles to bones, and to the skeleton that supports the positions of the body.

Question 9

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

covers body surfaces, lines cavities and forms glands

Question 10

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 10

(ECM) is located outside of the cells, it is produced by the cells of the specific tissue, it can contain proteins, salts, H20 and dissolved macromolecules

Question 11

What do cells do?

Answer 11

Cells monitor and maintain ECM and change ECM in response to physical stresses

Question 12

Does muscle tissue have ECM?

Answer 12

Muscle tissue has little ECM, mainly connective tissue

Question 13

What are the different types of muscle tissue?

Answer 13

1) Cardiac muscle (heart, moves blood) 2) Smooth Muscle (moves food along digestive system) 3) skeletal muscle (where muscle and connective tissue work together)

Question 14

What is the order in muscles?

Answer 14

Whole muscle, muscle fasical, muscle fiber, myofibrils and myofilments

Question 15

What does connective tissue do? 2

Answer 15

Protects other tissues, binds tissue together, storage of fats and minerals, support organ structurally & Functionally

Question 16

connective tissue + ECM

Answer 16

the cells engulf foreign particles and secrete fiber proteins (Macrophages and fibroblasts)
The ECM holds organs and organs together in place, provides strength, flexibility and elasticity

Question 17

Where is loose connective tissue found?

Answer 17

Loose connective tissue is wide spread in the human body - between and around organs, beneath epithelial (skin)

Question 18

What are fibrous connective tissue and roles?

Answer 18

• bundles of collagen, collagen lies in parallel, shock absorption, limits range of motion and transmit force from muscle to bone

Question 19

What is cartilage ?

Answer 19

Smooth elastic connective tissue which covers and protects the ends of long bones at joints. i.e structural comp. between ribs, ears, nose

Question 20

What are cartilage cells called?

Answer 20

Chondrocytes, they secrete collagen ad other substance which make tissue strong and flexible

Question 21

What is bone made up of?

Answer 21

mineralised connective tissue

Question 22

What are Osteons?

Answer 22

concentric layers of mineralised matrix around blood vessels in compact bone (gives strength)