Central Nervous system Module 3 Flashcards
What does the central nervous system make up?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the CNS do?
the CNS integrates and is the control center, it interprets sensory input and dictates sensory outputs. Also, it integrates signals performs high cognitive functions
What is the PNS
the peripheral nervous system includes the cranial nerves, spinal services, ganglia (connect to CNS to peripheral organs), there are two types sensory and motor
What is the sensory division?
the sensory division (afferent) is going to brain and spinal cord (towards)
What is the motor division?
the motor division (efferent) division is coming from the brain and spinal cord to muscles (away)
What are neurons?
Are excitable cells that transmit electrical signals, for communication via synapses and is the basic functional unit of the nervous system
What are neuroglia?
they are the supporting cells, that are more numerous than neurons- they support and insulate
What is the basic structure of neurons?
cell body, axons and dendrites, axon hillock and axon terminals (LABEL)
What are the different types of tissue in the CNS?
Grey matter and White matter
where is grey matter found?
predominated cell bodies (somas) and dendrites. Found in the Brain OUTSIDE, found in the spinal cord INSIDE
Where is white matter found?
predominated by axons/fibers are myelinated. Found in the brain INSIDE, found in the spinal cord OUTSIDE
What are the major regions of the brain?
LABEL
cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum (bottom,little brain), Diencephalon (in between the brain), brain stem (mid brain, pons and medulla) and the medulla Oblongata
What is the cerebrum?
Cerebrum, the largest and uppermost portion of the brain. The cerebrum consists of the cerebral hemispheres and accounts for two-thirds of the total weight of the brain. One hemisphere, usually the left, is functionally dominant, controlling language and speech. The other hemisphere interprets visual and spatial information.
Where is the precentral gyrus ?
site of primary motor cortex
Where is the postcentral gyrus?
site of primary sensory cortex
What is the central sulcus?
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
what are the hemispheres separated by?
Left and right hemispheres are separated by the longitudinal fissure (LABEL)
What are gyri?
they are the elevated regions of the fissures (ridges)
What are sulci?
Shallow grooves (depressions)
What are fissures?
they are deep grooves, elongated clefts
What matter is found in the cerebrum?
Grey matter is found superficially, white matter is found in the deep lobes
Label and define the frontal lobe
It is the primary motor area (for voluntary movement) it is for planning and execution
Lable and define the parietal lobe
it is the primary somatosensory area (proprioception), it is where the information is received and the brain decides what to do with the information
Label and define the temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is the primary auditory cortex (hearing)
Lable and define the occipital lobe
The occipital lobe is the primary visual cortex for seeing
What are the functions of the cerebrum?
sensation, conscious thought intellect, memory, and complex movements
What are the 3 regions of the cerebral hemisphere
Each hemisphere has 3 primary regions
1) Cerebral Cortext( outer grey matter)
2) internal white matter
3) Basal nuclei (grey matter located deep within the white matter)
what does each hemisphere do?
Each hemisphere receives and sends information from the contralateral side of the body (the other side)
The cerebral cortex has 3 types of functional areas, what are they?
1) Motor areas
2) sensory areas
3) Association areas
What do motor areas do?
They control voluntary movement
what do the sensory areas do?
They are conscious awareness of sensation
What do the association areas do?
They have multiple outputs and inputs (relay stations that connect the motor and sensory areas)
What is lateralization?
The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The medial longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum.
