A TOUR OF CELLS (PROKARYOTIC)

Question 1

What prokaryotic cell characteristics?

Answer 1

• no internal membrane, 1-10um, no membrane-bound organelles, no nucleus (nucleoid), cell wall, capsule, flagella/pili, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and carbohydrates

Question 2

What are the different shapes?

Answer 2

• coccus
• coccobacillus
• vibrio
• Bacillius
• Spirilium
• Spirocheta

Question 3

What does the diversity of the bacteria shapes mean?

Answer 3

The diversity of the bacteria shapes impact the diversity of their habitat

Question 4

Bacterial chromosome?

Answer 4

The bacterial chromosome is a single circular molecule, 1 chromosome per cell, 1 allele for each gene

Question 5

Euk chromosome?

Answer 5

• Diploid, DNA os wrapped on histone proteins, DNA is differentially processed to produce multiple different mRNAs

Question 6

The exterior of the prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

• double membrane structure
• exterior is rigid and multi-layered
• polysaccharides are covalently linked to proteins/lipids

Question 7

What is the peptidoglycan?

Answer 7

The peptidoglycan is a layer of sugar crosslinked with peptides to protect the cell and define the shape

Question 8

Capsule characteristics

Answer 8

Bacteriophages can identify the proteins that sit on the outside of the cell (to dock)
The capsule:
- stop it from desiccating
-force field
- maintaining immunity from bacteriophages
- prevents phagocytosis ( as it will be difficult to recognise and kill)
-sugar (sticky)

Question 9

LABEL

Answer 9

LABEL

Question 10

What do prokaryotic cells use the cell membrane for?

Answer 10

They use it as a site of respiration and photosynthesis, as they have no membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

Pro and Euk history shared?

Answer 11

Many functions in bacterial cells and our cells are performed by proteins that are similar among organisms, pro evolved from euk.