Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOM1070 SM 1 > Module 4 The skeletal system > Flashcards

Module 4 The skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

why is the muscle-skeletal system important?

A

It is important because injuries that cause pain in joints ligaments, muscles, nerves and tendons are structures that provide support the limbs, neck and back, they are the number one cause for workers disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A
  • Bones (206)
  • cartilages
  • ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the skeletal system functions?

A
  • support and protection
  • movement (levers)
  • storage
  • produces blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are bones classified by?

A

Their shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different shapes?

A

Long, flat, shot and irregular and sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of long bones?

A

tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of short bone

A

carpals in the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of flat bone

A

the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

example of sesamoid bones

A

the patella tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many different layers does bone have?

A

compact and spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the compact bone

A

The compact bone is the dense outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the spongy bone

A

it is the layer made of small trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are compact bones found?

A

compact bones are sandwiched between connective tissue membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

The periosteum covers the outside of the compact bone, made of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

The endosteum is that layer that covers the inside portion of the compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the long bone structure?

A

The diaphysis: tubular shift and forms long access (the shaft), then the epiphyses, it is the ends of the long bones made up of compact bones, externally and spongey bone internally. Metaphysis (small, between the diaphysis and epiphysis (pic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the different types of markings/openings of bone

A 
crest- narrow ridge
tuberosity- large rounded projection 
epicondyle- raised area
tubercle- small round projection 
trochanter- blunt, larger, irregular
line- narrow ridge
fossa- narrow depression
formen- opening for blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

It consists of 80 bones, divided into three major regions: skull, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the axial skeletonʻs functions?

A

1) form a longitudinal axis of the body
2) support the head, neck and trunk
3) protect the brain, spinal cord and the thoracic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Skullʻs function?

A
  • complex regions of the axial skeleton
  • supports and protects the brain and special sense organs
  • accommodates the first part of the respiratory snd the digestive systems.
  • attachment site for the muscle of head and neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial bones?

A

8 cranial bones, 14 bones form the facial skeleton

  • protects the back of your brain and supports your head.
  • protect the sides of your brain and support your face.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hyoid bone?

A

Located at the level of the 3rd ventricle cervical vertebrae

  • irregular bone shape
  • muscle attachment (tongue above, and larynx below)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 5 major regions of the vertebral column?

A

1) Cervical- 7
2) Thoracic-12
3) Lumbar- 5
4) Sacrum- 1
5) coccyx- 4 fused bones

24
Q

The function of the vertebral column?

A
  • provides surface area for muscle attachment
  • supports and protects the spinal cord
  • supports the upright position in sitting and standing
25
Q

Does the vertebral column have multiple curvatures

A
  • 2 types

primary (thoracic and sacral), and secondary (cervical and lumbar)

26
Q

ORDER of vertebral column

A 
Cervical curvature (c1-c7) concave
thoracic curvature (T1-T12) convex
Lumbar curvature (L1-L5) concave
Sacrum curvature convex (5 fused vert)
coccyx 4 vert
27
Q

What are abnormal vertebral curvatures?

A

scolosis- lateral
kyphosis - dorsal throacic
lordosis- lumbar

28
Q

Structure of vertebrae the cervical region

A

Cervical (7)

  • small oval body
  • large vertebral foramen
  • bifid short spinous process
  • Atlas (C1) and axes C2
29
Q

Lumbar (5)

A
  • large oval body
  • triangular vertebral foramen
  • small transverse process
  • the short, flat and spinous process (back muscles)
  • Zygapophy seal joints - articular surface alignment more vertical than the cervical region
30
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae

- articulates with pelvic girdle via the sacroiliac joint

31
Q

Coccyx

A

3-5 fused vertebrae

fuse late in adult life

32
Q

What are the joints of the vertebral column?

A

They are intervertebral discs, act like a cushion-like pad between vertebrae that acts like shock absorbers, they consist of 2 regions

  • Nucleus pulposus ( the inner gelatinous nucleus (elasticity))
  • Anulus fibroseus - the outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage (limits the expansion of nucleus fibroseus)
33
Q

What is the thoracic cage composed of?

A
  • thoracic vertebra posteriorly
  • sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly
  • ribs laterally (12 pairs)
34
Q

What are the thoracic cage functions?

A
  • protects vital organs of the thoracic activity
  • supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs
  • attachment sites for muscles of neck, back, chest and shoulders
35
Q

Number of true ribs?

A

1-7

36
Q

Number of false ribs?

A

8-12

37
Q

What is the primary function of the upper perpendicular skeleton?

A

the primary function of the upper perpendicular skeleton is to position the Hand in space

38
Q

What is the pectoral girdle function? ( the clavicle and scapula)

A

the pectoral function is to connect the axial skeleton and provides extra mobility

39
Q

What is the Glenohumeral joint function?

A

mobility- combination of the humeral head and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

40
Q

What is the humerus function?

A

it is for length - reach/force transfer and muscle attachment

41
Q

What is the elbow joint function?

A

It allows the hand to move toward and away from the body

42
Q

What is the forearm and wrist function?

A

it’s for length, reach/array of hand positions/force transfer grasp and manipulation

43
Q

Note

A

the upper limb often works as an open-chain where the upper extremity moves on the trunk

44
Q

How many bones are in the upper limbs?

A

30 bones each, arm- the humerus, forearm - radius and ulna, Hand: 8 carpals (wrist), 5 metacarpals (palm) and 14 phalanges (fingers)

45
Q

What is the structure of the humerus, radius, Ulna and hand?

A

ppp

46
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A
  • the coxal bone and sacrum form hop girdle

- 3 bones (ilium, ischium, pubis forms the coxal bone)

47
Q

Function of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • attaches the lower limbs to te axial skeleton
  • transmits weight
  • support pelvis organs
  • less mobile, but more stable
48
Q

What are the differences between male and female pelvises?

A

Male pelvises are more narrow, heart shaped. The female pelvises are wider for childbirth, more oval shape

49
Q

What do the lower limbs carry?

A

The lower limbs carry entire weight during standing and movement

  • thigh (femur and patella)
  • leg (tibia and fibula)
  • Foot (7 tarsals - hind foot), (5 metatarsals - mid foot) and 14 phalanges - toes
50
Q

Label femus, patella, tibia, fibula and foot

A

ppp

51
Q

Age-related changes in children and adolescents?

A

In children and adolescents, there is more formation than reabsorption
In young adults, there are equal amounts of bone formation and reabsorption
In adults, there is more reabsorption and less bone formation

52
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

they are involved in bone formation

53
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

they are involved in bone reabsorption

54
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

they monitor and maintain bone (stress and strain stressors)

55
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A
  • it is a disease in which bone reabsorption exceeds the deposit, the matrix remains normal but the bone mass declines
  • women are at higher risk @80 - 70%

BIOM1070 SM 1 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions