ATP and Energy Flashcards
What requires energy?
Many processes and conversations in living systems require energy to proceed i.e homeostasis, synthesising macro-molecules, emitting sounds and moving
What is an exergonic reaction?
energy being released; spontaneous
What is an endergonic reaction?
energy being required; non spontaneous
What uses up energy?
- exercising, piloerection (goosebumps), moving cytoskeleton around, transport and doing chemical work
Where does the energy come from in ATP?
The breakage of the ATP is used to power the building of anabolic reactions and non-spontaneous processes in cell and body metabolism (OPOPOP)
what is the process of glycolysis 1)
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, the glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvates and 2H2O. 2 ATPS are consumed to prepare glucose for breakage.
Process glycolysis 2)
Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrion and converted into Acetyl CoA by a protein
Then generates NADH as 2 electrons are harvested from glucose –> C and O form glucose and CO2 is emitted.
Why are 2 ATPs needed?
Two ATPs are used in respiration process to get started, after that, you can harvest lost of energy in the form of NADH, ATP and FADH2
What occurs in the citric acid cycle?
2 Acetyl CoA is fed into the Citric Acid cycle, 6NADH, 2FADH2 and 2 ATPs for each glucose that undergoes glycolysis. and 4 CO2 molecules
What occurs in the Oxidative phosphorylation electron transport?
The electron transport chain uses the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons into mitochondrial inner membrane space. At the end of the chain, Oxygen accepts the electrons and combines with 2 protons to make water. Result: 26 or 28 ATP
Why do we breathe oxygen?
You need to breathe O2 so you can accept electrons from the proton pumping proteins in the electron transport chain, without it can’t make ATP
ATP synthase
- a complex mill (rotor) powered by the flow of concentrated H2 ions from IM space to the mitochondrial matrix
Why does ATP synthase exist?
Allows the cell to reduce the concentration in the cell
What is the backup process?
Breakdown of fats and proteins can also feed into cellular respiration
